黄土边坡坡面冲刷的临界坡度

边坡坡面冲刷存在一个临界坡度,边坡坡度接近临界坡度,冲刷量最大。通过能量守恒原理,建立了临界坡度的计算公式,它与边坡坡长以及降雨强度和坡面的粗造程度存在一定的函数关系。通过实例分析了临界坡度和单级坡高的确定,理论分析与工程实践基本一致,说明理论分析是合理可行的。     

Distribution,bioavailability, and potential ecological risk of Cu,Pb, and Zn in soil in a potential groundwater source area

In this study, we examined three horizontal and vertical soil profiles along a sewage drainage ditch in order to determine the spatial distribution of Cu, Pb, and Zn in soils and to assess the bioavailability and potential ecological risks associated with these metals in a potential groundwater source area. Results showed that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Zn were approximately at background level, suggesting that human activities (industrial and agricultural pollution) had a negligible influence on these metals in soil, and that the concentrations reflected the natural background levels in the study area. Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations were slightly higher in topsoil (0–20 cm) than deeper in the soil profile. Using a modified BCR sequential extraction method to evaluate the mobility and bioavailability of metals showed that the potential bioavailability sequence of Cu, Pb, and Zn at three depths in the soil profile was in the order Cu?≈?Pb?<?Zn. The potential ecological risk from the metals was evaluated using risk assessment code, and the results suggest that Cu and Zn pose no or low risk, while there is a low or medium risk from Pb. Results from groundwater monitoring showed that the groundwater was not polluted by leaching from soil.     

Does the promotion pressure on local officials matter for regional carbon emissions? Evidence based on provincial-level leaders in China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This paper constructs data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 1997 to 2016 and mainly adopts panel data fixed effects models to investigate how the...     

北京冬季奥运会历史同期大气PM2.5污染特征分析

基于2015~2021年的1~3月北京市大气PM_2.5浓度与化学组成长期观测数据,分析了2022年北京冬季奥林匹克运动会（冬奥会）和北京冬季残疾人奥林匹克运动会（冬季残奥会）历史同期的PM_2.5污染态势、化学组成特征以及潜在源区.2015~2018年的1~3月重污染［日均ρ（PM_2.5）>75 μg·m^-3］天数以及重污染期间PM_2.5平均值下降十分显著,之后这两者未发生明显改变.2018~2021年的1~3月每年平均发生重污染23 d,重污染天ρ（PM_2.5）平均值约为120.0 μg·m^-3.2015~2021年的1~3月超长重污染过程（连续重污染超过5 d）平均每年发生2~3次,其中2021年发生3次,且持续时间最长达到8 d.历年冬奥会历史同期发生重污染的天数为2~9 d,春节期间烟花爆竹大量燃放可能是该时期重污染发生的重要原因之一;冬季残奥会历史同期重污染天数一般为1~5 d,但2021年受频繁出现的静稳天气影响,重污染天数高达9 d.在同时段重污染期间,PM_2.5化学组成均以二次组分为主,例如在PM_2.5可测组分中,2020年NO₃^-质量分数高达46%,较同年清洁天（11%）显著增加;SO₄^2-质量分数为12%~19%,说明当前硫酸盐污染仍不容忽视.北京市1~3月PM_2.5主要贡献区域包括内蒙古自治区中西部、河北省、天津市、山西省、陕西省、山东省中西部和河南省北部.研究结果将为北京市冬季空气质量持续改善以及2022年冬奥会与冬季残奥会期间北京市环境空气质量保障提供科学依据.     

国际湿地保护政策及形式的演变研究

湿地丧失与退化已被公认为全球性的生态环境和社会问题。本文在综述相关文献的基础上,将国际湿地政策的演变划分为三个阶段：20世纪60年代以前的湿地开发期,20世纪60年代至90年代间的政策转型期以及20世纪90年代至今的湿地全面保护期。湿地被围垦、转换为农地是湿地开发期最主要的特质,是导致湿地大量丧失与退化的主要肇因;《湿地公约》的签署标志着国际湿地政策进入转型期阶段,倡导湿地保护与合理利用;而美国政府于上个世纪90年代初期提出的湿地“零净损失”政策目标,成为继《湿地公约》签署后推动全球湿地政策发生深刻改变的最主要驱动力之一,标志着国际湿地政策进入全面保护期阶段。     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

Determination of thiocyanate in the vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater

In acidic solution, thiocyanate molecules reacted with ferric ions to produce red complexes. The concentration of thiocyanate could be determined by spectrophotometer. The effects of wavelength, volume of color reagent, acidity and color time on absorbance were investigated. The interferences of co-existing ion were discussed as well. Results showed that the relation between absorbance and the concentration of thiocyanate was in accord with Beer's law when the concentration of thiocyanate was 2-20 mg/L. The linear regression equation was Absorbance = 0.0523 Concentration-0.0156, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The average recovery rates of two kinds of vacuum carbonate desulfurization wastewater were 100.95% and 99.62%, and relative standard deviations were 0.79% and 0.14% respectively. It shows that the method was quick, high precision, accurate and easy to handle.     

Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production

Microalgae as a main feedstock has attracted much attention in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to high algal culture cost. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive eco-friendly technology for cultivating microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis using aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production. Platymonas subcordiformis was grown in pretreated flounder aquaculture wastewaters taken from different stages. Each of wastewater contained different levels of nutrients. The biomass yield of microalgae and associated nitrogen and phosphorous removal were investigated. The results showed that algal cell density increased 8.9 times than the initial level. Platymonas subcordiformis removed nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with an average removal efficiency of 87%-95% for nitrogen and 98%-99% for phosphorus. It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to algal biomass and biofuel production. However, further studies are required to make this technologies economically viable for algae biofuel production.     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

滇池柴河小流域暴雨径流氨氮的输移过程研究

氨氮通过暴雨径流的冲刷和土壤颗粒物的携带进入水体,对受纳河流、湖泊造成污染。以柴河小流域为单元,从输出源、输移过程、河道汇集过程这几个方面对2011年7、8月2场暴雨径流中的氨氮进行分析。结果表明:氨氮主要是吸附于土壤颗粒表面进行输移,所以土壤颗粒流失是氨氮流失控制的关键;氨氮浓度跟沉降时间的Pearson相关性均在-0.855(P<0.05)之上,呈显著负相关;2场暴雨中,均是颗粒物粒径小于0.000 8 mm的水样的氨氮浓度较大,说明粒径较小的颗粒物对氨氮的吸附量较大;氨氮的入河系数与污染源及输移过程氨氮含量的Pearson相关性在0.914(P<0.05)以上,说明入河系数与污染源及输移过程含量密切相关。氨氮的入河系数为0.12⁰.22,说明研究区域80%以上的氨氮被边坡、沟渠截留,效果良好,值得认真对待。