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271.
Daniella Rogerson Anna Alkelai Jessica Giordano Madhulatha Pantrangi Meng-Chang Hsiao Chia-Ling Nhan-Chang Joshua E. Motelow Vimla Aggarwal David Goldstein Ron Wapner Carrie J. Shawber 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):703-716
Objective
Congenital lymphatic anomalies (LAs) arise due to defects in lymphatic development and often present in utero as pleural effusion, chylothorax, nuchal and soft tissue edema, ascites, or hydrops. Many LAs are caused by single nucleotide variants, which are not detected on routine prenatal testing.Methods
Demographic data were compared between two subcohorts, those with clinically significant fetal edema (CSFE) and isolated fetal edema. A targeted variant analysis of LA genes was performed using American College of Medical Genetics criteria on whole exome sequencing (WES) data generated for 71 fetal edema cases who remained undiagnosed after standard workup.Results
CSFE cases had poor outcomes, including preterm delivery, demise, and maternal preeclampsia. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were identified in 7% (5/71) of cases, including variants in RASopathy genes, RASA1, SOS1, PTPN11, and a novel PIEZO1 variant. Variants of uncertain significance (VOUS) were identified in 45% (32/71) of cases. In CSFEs, VOUS were found in CELSR1, EPHB4, TIE1, PIEZO1, ITGA9, RASopathy genes, SOS1, SOS2, and RAF1.Conclusions
WES identified pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants and VOUS in LA genes in 51% of fetal edema cases, supporting WES and expanded hydrops panels in cases of idiopathic fetal hydrops and fluid collections. 相似文献272.
Symbion americanus was recently described as the second species in the phylum Cycliophora, living commensally on the American commercial lobster
Homarus americanus. A previous genetic analysis of American and European populations of cycliophorans suggested that haplotype divergence in
S. americanus was much greater than in its European counterpart S. pandora. This study examined the population structure and demographics of 169 individuals thought to belong to S. americanus collected from lobsters over 13 North American localities (Nova Scotia, Canada to Maryland, USA) between October 2003 and
January 2006. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequence data clearly suggested the presence of three cryptic lineages in a species complex, often co-occurring
in the same lobster specimens. One of these lineages, named the “G” lineage, was represented by very few individuals and therefore
was excluded from subsequent statistical analyses. The other two sympatric lineages, named the “T” and “C” lineages, showed
different population structure and demography. Although limited geographic structure was found in the T lineage, the C lineage
showed higher nucleotide and haplotype diversity values, as well as more variation between localities. The data also indicated
that the T lineage underwent a recent population expansion, suggesting that the C and T lineages may have speciated in allopatry
but a subsequent population expansion may have been responsible for their current sympatric distribution. Studies on the anatomy
and ecology of the sympatric lineages of this species complex should provide further information on the identity of the holotype
of S. americanus, which currently cannot be ascribed to any of the three cryptic lineages. 相似文献
273.
Nation‐building policies in Timor‐Leste: disaster risk reduction,including climate change adaptation
Jessica Mercer Ilan Kelman Francisco do Rosario Abilio de Deus de Jesus Lima Augusto da Silva Anna‐Maija Beloff Alex McClean 《Disasters》2014,38(4):690-718
Few studies have explored the relationships between nation‐building, disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Focusing on small island developing states, this paper examines nation‐building in Timor‐Leste, a small island developing state that recently achieved independence. Nation‐building in Timor‐Leste is explored in the context of disaster risk reduction, which necessarily includes climate change adaptation. The study presents a synopsis of Timor‐Leste's history and its nation‐building efforts as well as an overview of the state of knowledge of disaster risk reduction including climate change adaptation. It also offers an analysis of significant gaps and challenges in terms of vertical and horizontal governance, large donor presence, data availability and the integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation for nation‐building in Timor‐Leste. Relevant and applicable lessons are provided from other small island developing states to assist Timor‐Leste in identifying its own trajectory out of underdevelopment while it builds on existing strengths. 相似文献
274.
Tina L. Cheng Jonathan D. Reichard Jeremy T. H. Coleman Theodore J. Weller Wayne E. Thogmartin Brian E. Reichert Alyssa B. Bennett Hugh G. Broders Joshua Campbell Katherine Etchison Daniel J. Feller Richard Geboy Traci Hemberger Carl Herzog Alan C. Hicks Sandra Houghton Jessica Humber Joseph A. Kath R. Andrew King Susan C. Loeb Ariane Massé Katrina M. Morris Holly Niederriter Gerda Nordquist Roger W. Perry Richard J. Reynolds D. Blake Sasse Michael R. Scafini Richard C. Stark Craig W. Stihler Steven C. Thomas Gregory G. Turner Shevenell Webb Bradford J. Westrich Winifred F. Frick 《Conservation biology》2021,35(5):1586-1597
Assessing the scope and severity of threats is necessary for evaluating impacts on populations to inform conservation planning. Quantitative threat assessment often requires monitoring programs that provide reliable data over relevant spatial and temporal scales, yet such programs can be difficult to justify until there is an apparent stressor. Leveraging efforts of wildlife management agencies to record winter counts of hibernating bats, we collated data for 5 species from over 200 sites across 27 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces from 1995 to 2018 to determine the impact of white-nose syndrome (WNS), a deadly disease of hibernating bats. We estimated declines of winter counts of bat colonies at sites where the invasive fungus that causes WNS (Pseudogymnoascus destructans) had been detected to assess the threat impact of WNS. Three species undergoing species status assessment by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Myotis septentrionalis, Myotis lucifugus, and Perimyotis subflavus) declined by more than 90%, which warrants classifying the severity of the WNS threat as extreme based on criteria used by NatureServe. The scope of the WNS threat as defined by NatureServe criteria was large (36% of Myotis lucifugus range) to pervasive (79% of Myotis septentrionalis range) for these species. Declines for 2 other species (Myotis sodalis and Eptesicus fuscus) were less severe but still qualified as moderate to serious based on NatureServe criteria. Data-sharing across jurisdictions provided a comprehensive evaluation of scope and severity of the threat of WNS and indicated regional differences that can inform response efforts at international, national, and state or provincial jurisdictions. We assessed the threat impact of an emerging infectious disease by uniting monitoring efforts across jurisdictional boundaries and demonstrated the importance of coordinated monitoring programs, such as the North American Bat Monitoring Program (NABat), for data-driven conservation assessments and planning. 相似文献
275.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener concentrations and their distributions were determined for the first time in 12 major rivers of eastern China. It was found that the PCB contamination level in those rivers was relatively low compared to the levels reported in most developing countries. Total amount of PCBs in the river sediments ranged from 10 to 22 ng/g dry weight and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethene (DDE) ranged from 0.89 to 7.62 ng/g. The PCB concentrations were basically homogeneous in different rivers; however, they consistently changed with the percent of total organic carbon (TOC). The PCB concentrations and compositions found in the 12 river sediments were very similar, with the tetra‐ and penta‐ groups as the dominants. Given that distributions and contaminant levels in sediments reflect the number of PCBs, the contamination of the 12 major rivers in eastern China is probably due to atmospheric deposition rather than the point source contamination. 相似文献
276.
Jessica?PurcellEmail author Timothée?Brütsch Michel?Chapuisat 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(3):467-474
The phenotype of social animals can be influenced by genetic, maternal and environmental effects, which include social interactions
during development. In social insects, the social environment and genetic origin of brood can each influence a whole suite
of traits, from individual size to caste differentiation. Here, we investigate to which degree the social environment during
development affects the survival and fungal resistance of ant brood of known maternal origin. We manipulated one component
of the social environment, the worker/brood ratio, of brood originating from single queens of Formica selysi. We monitored the survival of brood and measured the head size and ability to resist the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana of the resulting callow workers. The worker/brood ratio and origin of eggs affected the survival and maturation time of the
brood and the size of the resulting callow workers. The survival of the callow workers varied greatly according to their origin,
both in controls and when challenged with B. bassiana. However, there was no interaction between the fungal challenge and either the worker/brood ratio or origin of eggs, suggesting
that these factors did not affect parasite resistance in the conditions tested. Overall, the social conditions during brood
rearing and the origin of eggs had a strong impact on brood traits that are important for fitness. We detected a surprisingly
large amount of variation among queens in the survival of their brood reared in standard queenless conditions, which calls
for further studies on genetic, maternal and social effects influencing brood development in the social insects. 相似文献
277.
Michael D. Arendt Albert L. Segars Julia I. Byrd Jessica Boynton Jeffrey A. Schwenter J. David Whitaker Lindsey Parker 《Marine Biology》2012,159(1):113-125
Sixteen satellite-tagged adult male loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) dispersed widely from an aggregation near Port Canaveral, Florida, USA (28°23′N, −80°32′W) after breeding. Northbound males
migrated further (990 ± 303 km) than southbound males (577 ± 168 km) and transited more rapidly (median initial dive duration = 6
(IQR = 4–16) versus 19 (IQR = 10–31) min, respectively).. Migration occurred along a depth corridor (20–40 m) except where
constricted by a narrow continental shelf width. Males foraged in areas 27 ± 41 km2 day−1 at locations <1–80 km from shore for 100.1 ± 60.6 days, with variability in foraging patterns not explained by turtle size
or geography. Post-breeding dispersal patterns were similar to patterns reported for adult female loggerhead sea turtles in
this region and adult male loggerhead sea turtles elsewhere in the northern hemisphere; however, foraging ground distributions
were most similar to adult female loggerhead sea turtles in this region. 相似文献
278.
Jessica Haapkylä Adrian S. Seymour Orit Barneah Itzchak Brickner Sebastian Hennige David Suggett David Smith 《Marine Biology》2009,156(5):1021-1027
This is the first quantitative study on the prevalence of epizoic Waminoa sp. acoel worms and their association with corals in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP), South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Three replicate transects were laid on the reef crest, flat and slope at six sites in 2006 and eight sites in 2007. Four of
the sites were common in both years. In total 69 transects were surveyed in 2006, and 87 transects in 2007. A total of 4.8%
of all observed hard corals were associated with acoel worms in 2006 and 2.6% of hard and soft corals in 2007. Acoels were
present on 16 and 21 of the coral taxa studied in 2006 and 2007 respectively. The worms were strongly associated with the
azooxanthellate coral Tubastrea spp. and were rare or absent on the most abundant coral genera Montipora and Porites. The mean number of corals having acoels was highest on reef slopes, whereas acoels were virtually absent on reef flats. Corals
that had a high and a medium cover of worms were more common in 2007 than in 2006. No significant trend in the adaptation
of the zooxanthellae of Waminoa sp. to different depths at different sites was revealed. The impact of the worm on the coral is unknown, but high numbers
may have a shading effect and a negative impact on the coral’s photophysiology. This acoel merits more study of its life cycle,
its photophysiology, and its impact on its host corals.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
279.
Effects of extreme variation in female morph frequencies on the mating behaviour of male damselflies
Janice J. Ting Jessica Bots Felipe Pérez Jvostov Hans van Gossum Thomas N. Sherratt 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,64(2):225-236
Female-limited polymorphism is often attributed to selection to avoid excessive male mating attempts. It is encountered in
various taxonomic groups, but is particularly common in damselflies, where one female morph (andromorph) typically resembles
the conspecific male in colour pattern, while the other(s) (gynomorph(s)) do not. Two sets of theories have been proposed
to explain the phenomenon in damselflies, which can be classified as the learned mate recognition (LMR) and male mimicry (MM)
hypotheses. To test predictions of these hypotheses, we evaluated the rate of male sexual response towards female morphs and
conspecific males in the damselfly Nehalennia irene. The LMR hypothesis predicts that males should respond sexually to andromorphs at greater rates in populations containing
a higher relative frequency of andromorphs. The MM hypothesis predicts that males respond more often sexually to both andromorphs
and males as the ratio of andromorphs to males increases. While LMR predicts that the rate of mating attempts towards gynomorphs
should vary, the MM predicts that it should be relatively fixed. On experimentally presenting live specimens to focal males
in five different populations with extreme variation in female morph frequencies, we observed that as the andromorph frequency
and ratio of andromorphs to males increased, the proportion of male mating attempts increased on both andromorphs and males,
whereas it decreased on gynomorphs. While the simplest form of the MM hypothesis is rejected, the results support specific
predictions of both hypotheses and suggest that future studies should not treat these hypotheses as mutually exclusive. 相似文献
280.
Howard W. Mielke Chris R. Gonzales Elise Cahn Jessica Brumfield Eric T. Powell Paul W. MielkeJr 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(5):431-440
Arsenic (As) ranks first on the 2005 and 2007 hazardous substances priority lists compiled for the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). This study describes two New Orleans soil As surveys: (1) a survey of
composite soil samples from 286 census tracts and (2) a field survey of soil As at 38 play areas associated with the presence
of chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA)-treated wood on residential and public properties. The survey of metropolitan New Orleans
soils revealed a median As content of 1.5 mg/kg (range <0.2–16.4) and no distinctive differences between the soils of the
city core and outlying areas. Play area accessible soils associated with CCA-treated wood (N = 32) had a median As of 57 mg/kg and 78% of the samples were ≥12 mg/kg, the Louisiana soil As standard. The field survey
of play areas for CCA-treated wood (N = 132 samples at 38 sites) was conducted with a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer. Seventy-five
of 132 wood samples (56.8%) were deemed CCA-treated wood. Of the 38 play areas surveyed, 14 (36.8%) had CCA-treated wood.
A significant association (Fisher’s exact p-value = 0.348 × 10−6) was found between CCA-treated wood and soil As (N = 75). At one elementary school CCA-treated woodchips (As range 813–1,654 mg As/kg) covered the playgrounds. The situation
in New Orleans probably exists in play areas across the nation. These findings support a precautionary program for testing
soils and wood for hazardous substances at all play areas intended for children. 相似文献