脉冲电晕等离子体脱硫脱氮与除尘技术

脉冲电晕放电是产生等离子体的方法之一，目前已达到工业性试验阶段，该文对脉冲电晕等离子脱硫脱氮与除尘技术的形成过程进行了回顾，对其理论作了分析，并简介了工艺流程，还指出了目前存在的主要问题和需研究的关键技术。     

脉冲电晕等离子体净化正己烷的实验研究

对脉冲电晕等离子体技术净化有机污染物－正己烷进行了实验研究，考察脉冲成形电容、脉冲峰值电压、脉冲频率、气体流量、气体人口浓度等因素对净化效率的影响，结果表明，成形电容有一最佳值，净化效果随峰值电压、脉冲频率增大而升高；随气体流量、进口浓度增大而降低。     

Incidence of organochlorine pesticides in soils of Shenzhen, China

To determine the incidence of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in soil in a rapid urbanization region, soil samples from various land use types in Shenzhen were collected in winter, 2007. The concentration of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) ranged from non-detected to 149 ng g(-1) and 19 to 88 ng g(-1), respectively. The highest levels of OCPs were observed in soil from traffic and industry areas, reflecting that intensive human disturbance make the soil pollution accumulation more disperse. HCHs and DDTs profiles revealed that the sources were associated mainly with lindane and technical DDTs, respectively, while HCHs in the soil of Shenzhen might originate from both recent and historical sources. The loss of OCPs by soil erosion will enter surface runoff and impose impact on the water environment. Non-dietary exposure estimation indicates that children were the most sensitive group. The average daily exposure to OCPs for males was more serious than for females. Non-dietary exposure to DDTs and HCHs in residential blocks of Shenzhen were far below the acceptable daily intake recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization.     

战略环境评价及其应用初探

概述了战略环境价的概念、产生原因、研究现状及其工作程序，结合川南矿肥工程项目对它进行了应用初探，提出了计划、规划层次ＳＥＡ的方法和指标，并对我国环评工作提出了建议。     

绿色贸易壁垒若干问题的探讨

分析了国际贸易中绿色贸易壁垒的成因，即环境问题的全球化、社会化以及西方国家第三次贸易保护主义浪潮的兴起；介绍了这种新兴的技术性壁垒的基本形式，包括环境标准和法规、环境标志制度及其门槛提高、成本内在化与绿色补贴、包装的环保要求等；最后对绿色贸易壁垒的一些特点作了客观性的评价。     

气相色谱法测定室内空气中挥发性卤代烃

建立了活性炭吸附-溶剂解吸-气相色谱测定室内空气中7种挥发性卤代烃的分析方法。样品经活性炭采样管富集后,用二硫化碳解吸,Agilent HP-1色谱柱分离,使用带有电子捕获检测器的气相色谱仪测定,以保留时间定性,外标法定量。当采样体积为10 L时,方法检出限范围是0.03~0.18 g/m3,加标回收率在72%~114%之间,相对标准偏差小于15%。结果表明,该方法可以应用于室内空气中痕量挥发性卤代烃样品的检测分析。     

生物除硫理论与技术研究进展

现今含硫废水、废气的处理并没有得到应有的重视,使得技术发展缓慢。以往通常采用物化方法,这种处理方式不仅投资量大,而且对含硫有害物质的去除并不彻底,而生物方法与物化方法相比,在投资和环保效益方面都有相当积极的作用。文章从硫的生物循环入手,分别介绍了生物除硫的机理和影响因素;描述了下水道中的生物硫循环,提出抑制其中H2S气体释放的经验模型及具体措施。在对厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐还原菌的研究中发现:ρ(COD)/ρ(SO42-)比、碳源、pH值等各影响因素相互作用,共同决定厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐还原菌、产甲烷菌和产酸菌三者之间的抑制及共生关系;无论三者之间的关系如何变化,只要底物中含有一定量的硫酸根,它们必然共同存在于厌氧系统中,并产生硫化氢气体,造成污染。在反硫化细菌的研究中得出:当污水中同时含有硫化物和硝酸根,缺氧条件下,必然产生反硝化除硫的生物代谢过程。利用这一过程,不但能够在无需碳源的条件下有效去除硝酸根,节约的碳源可以用于消化产能;而且能够减少游离硫化氢的排放,或直接以含硫化氢的废气作为硫源。而抑制下水道中硫化氢气体释放的主要手段包括:降低水的紊流程度,增加入流污水的碱度,向下水道内充氧,改善通风环境。文章最后结合理论,介绍了部分用于含硫污水、尾气的生物除硫工艺,并提出了日后的研究方向。     

活性碳纤维在环境保护中的应用

由于活性碳纤维的吸附面积大,可以作为固相微萃取的纤维用于对环境污染物质的分析检测,包括含硫和含氯的一些有机化合物.同时,活性碳纤维具有良好的导电性能,可以作为电极,能有效地去除环境中城市污水、燃料废水和腐植酸的污染.     

电化学方法现场产生H2O2的影响因素及其废水处理应用

建立了以石墨碳棒为阴极,Pt为阳极,饱和甘汞电极为参比电极,Na2SO4为支持电解质溶液的H2O2制备三电极体系。对电流密度、pH值、通氧流量、支持电解质浓度和极间距等主要参数对生成H2O2的影响进行了单因素轮换试验研究,并采用正交试验方法对这些因素进行了分析。结果发现,pH值对生成H2O2的影响最为显著,支持电解质浓度和通氧流量也具有较大影响,极间距影响不明显,电流密度则存在着最佳值。通过试验获得的最优参数组合为:pH=2.00,电流密度=1.02mA·cm-2,通氧流量=0.4L·min-1,支持电解质浓度=0.1mol·L-1,极间距=6cm。在该参数组合条件下,采用电-Fenton法对活性染料RedMX-5B进行脱色和矿化试验,初始Fe2 投量为0.25mmol·L-1,电解180min,脱色率可达90%以上,但矿化率不高(<25%)。因此,提高矿化率是染料废水处理在未来的主要课题。     

Comparative study on performances of a heat-pipe PV/T system and a heat-pipe solar water heating system

The heat-pipe solar water heating (HP-SWH) system and the heat-pipe photovoltaic/thermal (HP-PV/T) system are two practical solar systems, both of which use heat pipes to transfer heat. By selecting appropriate working fluid of the heat-pipes, these systems can be used in the cold region without being frozen. However, performances of these two solar systems are different because the HP-PV/T system can simultaneously provide electricity and heat, whereas the HP-SWH system provides heat only. In order to understand these two systems, this work presents a mathematical model for each system to study their one-day and annual performances. One-day simulation results showed that the HP-SWH system obtained more thermal energy and total energy than the HP-PV/T system while the HP-PV/T system achieved higher exergy efficiency than the HP-SWH system. Annual simulation results indicated that the HP-SWH system can heat the water to the available temperature (45°C) solely by solar energy for more than 121 days per year in typical climate regions of China, Hong Kong, Lhasa, and Beijing, while the HP-PV/T system can only work for not more than 102 days. The HP-PV/T system, however, can provide an additional electricity output of 73.019 kWh/m², 129.472 kWh/m², and 90.309 kWh/m² per unit collector area in the three regions, respectively.