土壤与酸的反应时间对土壤酸度及土壤溶液中铝离子形态分布的影响

用两种土壤研究土壤与酸的反应时间对土壤酸度及土壤溶液中铝离子形态分布的影响。结果表明,土壤溶液pH随反应时间增加而增加,安徽红壤pH的增幅大于江西红壤。在pH3.0的HNO3溶液中,土壤溶液中的总铝及Al3 均随反应时间增加而减少,而在pH3．5的HNO3溶液中,土壤溶液中总铝及Al－F络合物先随反应时间的增加而减小．然后又有所增加。     

Accumulation of Fluoride and Aluminium Related to Different Varieties of Tea Plant

Samples of young shoot, mature leaf, twig, root, and litter were taken from four recently bred varieties Zhe-nong 113, Zhe-nong 121, Zi-sun, and Bi-feng grown at two tea plantations located at Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces. The results showed that the concentrations of F and Al in tea plants were significantly different among the four varieties. It is therefore possible that F and Al concentrations in tea products can be reduced through variety selection. The results also revealed that old leaves would be the major contribution to the high levels of F and Al in brick tea since it is produced mainly for old leaves. Therefore, in order to eliminate the hazard of over-exposure to F and Al derived from tea, younger shoot should be used for making tea products while mature leaves should be avoided.     

城郊土壤共存元素对土壤作物系统Cd、Pb迁移的影响分析——以白银市城郊区为例

通过共存元素对土壤小麦系统Cd、Pb行为影响的调查研究发现：大田条件下共存元素以正对数模式与根系Cd、Pb密切相关,同种元素间相关程度最高;根系Cd、Pb积累主要取决于土壤环境Cd、Pb的含量,共存元素也产生一定的影响,认为要防止重金属通过食物链对人类的危害,就必须降低土壤环境中重金属的总量。     

熟料造纸清洁生产量化评价—以承德兴业造纸项目为例

运用专家调查打分法,以具体的承德兴业造纸项目为例,初步探讨了清滞生产量化评价方法,程序以及清洁生产评价指标的应用。     

防洪物资储备决策方法初探

根据防洪抢险物资储备属于一种信息不全型决策问题的特点,本文提出了一种用于确定每年防灾物资准备量概率排序决策模型,并以孙不河流泥石流灾害预报火灾决策为例进行说明。     

陕西省2000年天气气候异常变化与自然灾害

分析陕西省2000年天气气候变化发现,隆冬降雪明显增多,春旱异常严重,秋霖明显,沙尘暴天气明显增加,这是多年来未曾见到的现象。异常的天气气候使得多种自然灾害并发。     

Molecular detection and comparison of Acanthamoeba genotypes in different functions of watersheds in Taiwan

The protistan genus Acanthamoeba is a free-living amoeba existing in various environments. Within this protistan genus, there are some species recognized as potential human pathogens, which may cause granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, Acanthamoeba keratitis and chronic granulomatous lesions of the skin. In this study, 211 water samples were collected from two watersheds in southern Taiwan. We detected Acanthamoeba based on the PCR amplification with a genus-specific primer pair and investigation of Acanthamoeba in Puzih River and Kaoping River in southern Taiwan. Acanthamoeba species were detected in 34 (16.1%) samples. The presence or absence of Acanthamoeba within the water samples showed significant difference with the levels of water temperature and total coliforms. The most frequently identified Acanthamoeba genotype was T4 (n = 19), followed by T5 (n = 8), and then T15 (n = 3). Genotype T6, T7/T8, T11 and T12 were all detected once. Genotype T4, T5, T6, T11 and T15 of Acanthamoeba are responsible for Acanthamoeba keratitis and should be considered a potential health threat associated with human activities in environmental surface water watersheds.     

Migration of natural estrogens around a concentrated dairy-feeding operation

Concentrated animal feeding operations have been recognized as one of the most important contributors of natural estrogens which show significant endocrine-disrupting properties in aquatic environments. In this study, the concentrations of 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estrone (E1), and estriol (E3) in several matrices, including soils (surface and deep), sediments (surface and deep), and groundwaters, around a typical dairy farm were surveyed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the two farmlands, surface and subsurface sediments in waste lagoon and along effluent drainage drench, the concentrations of 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and E1 ranged from below detection limit to the highest level of 6.60 μg/kg, except that E3 was not detectable. Three estrogens of 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and E1 with the concentrations of 3.18-31.61 ng/L were observed in two groundwater samples. The results clearly demonstrated the vertical migration and horizontal transport of estrogens in the investigated area. Within 750-m distance, it was observed the attenuation of 17α-E2, 17β-E2, and E1 along the effluent route and the horizontal migration of estrogens was less than 1,350 m in this survey.     

四川省水体富营养状况时空分布调查

采用综合营养指数法对四川省主要河流营养状况进行调查评价,分析其时空分布规律。结果表明,2009年四川省水体综合营养状态整体处于中营养水平。从空间分布情况看,水体营养状态从优到劣依次为金沙江、长江干流、岷江、嘉陵江、沱江,其中沱江处于轻度富营养状态。从时间分布情况看,除沱江流域月度间变化较小外,其他调查河流水体营养状态月度间变化呈双峰型"M"状,营养指数主峰发生在8月;长江干流、岷江和嘉陵江次峰发生在4—5月,金沙江次峰发生在10月。     

飞信通讯手段在突发环境污染事件处置时的应用

对现有移动通讯方式在突发环境污染事件中的应用进行了比较。通过实例,简述了飞信作为突发环境污染事件应急处置时通讯方式的应用。结果表明,飞信综合了一对一、多对多的语音和图文信息传输方式,在技术资料支持和监测结果通报方面具有明显的实用价值,配合防爆型对讲机,可以满足应对突发环境污染事件时对通讯的要求。