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461.
Influences of macroalga-derived dissolved organic carbon on the aquatic toxicity of copper and cadmium 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, the effect of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) derived from macroalga (Sargassum) on the acute toxicity of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) to a freshwater cladoceran (Daphnia magna) was investigated. Potassium-loaded macroalga was incubated with ultrapure water to extract macroalgal DOC, which was then spiked with the constituents of the Elendt M7 hard water media. The 48 h median lethal concentration of Cu increased linearly with DOC levels but that of Cd was relatively independent of DOC levels (0-44 mg l(-1)). The independence of Cd toxicity on DOC level might be due to the competitive effect of high calcium concentrations in the media with Cd for the binding sites of DOC. The decreased Cu toxicity was a result of reduced Cu uptake as evidenced in a separate accumulation test. Also, the capability of the macroalgal DOC on reducing Cu toxicity was found to be comparable to DOC tested in other studies. Therefore, the present study suggested that the biosorption treatment process using macroalgae should consider the effect of DOC release from the biomass as a step of modifying the metal toxicity as well as influencing metal biosorption capacity. 相似文献
462.
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to explore the distribution and correlates of subjective sleepiness among the general night-time driving population. METHODS: The survey took place in three British Columbia communities in June 2003 between 21:00 hours to 03:00 hours. Sites and vehicles were selected randomly. Surveyors obtained information on several demographic and situational variables including self-assessed degree of sleepiness and self-reported hours asleep and awake, as well as an objective measure of blood alcohol concentration obtained from a hand-held breath-testing device. RESULTS: The total compliance rate among intercepted drivers was 85%. Among the 2335 drivers responding to the questionnaire, 68.4% indicated that they were wide awake, 27.6% were somewhat sleepy, and 4.1% were very sleepy. Logistic regression quantified the independent contributions of the various factors to subjective sleepiness. Male drivers with positive blood alcohol concentrations under 50 mg% were more likely to report feeling sleepy than those with either higher or with zero blood alcohol concentration. Greater relative risk of sleepiness was also associated with being female, being under age 55, and advanced hour of night. Driving with passengers of the same gender was associated with lower reported sleepiness. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial proportion of night-time drivers are driving while sleepy, especially at late night and early morning hours. The combination of alcohol and sleepiness compounds impairment in experimental studies and deserves greater attention in crash risk studies and as a topic for public education and awareness. 相似文献
463.
回收法氧化镁湿法烟气脱硫机理和工艺基础研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以氧化镁浆液作为吸收液,对空气与SO2混合气的鼓泡吸收做了全过程的实验观察.测试分析表明,在高效而稳定的脱硫过程中,吸收液的酸化是由HSO3-所致;酸化趋势与SO2水解规律相一致,由初期高pH值下SO32-为主的缓变到低pH值下HSO3-为主的剧变;吸收液温度对脱硫率的影响不敏感;MgSO3相对高的溶解度和易氧化性及MgSO4良好的水溶性保持了MgO脱硫的高效率(>98%)和高利用率.燃煤烟气脱硫工业试验确认了MgSO4经吸收液循环可提浓至实验温度(40~50℃)下的饱和浓度而不产生有害影响,脱硫率因脱硫活性物质的富集反而提高,从而显示出回收工艺的技术经济可行性. 相似文献
464.
目的研究航空用继电器的失效机理。方法通过对电磁继电器进行振动与工作载荷单独施加以及二者综合加载情况下的试验方法及性能退化行为研究,实时监测继电器内部触点间接触电阻等性能参数的变化趋势,并对不同条件下触点表面的微观形貌进行对比分析。结果发现相比较工作载荷单独施加而言,振动应力的加入使得继电器的寿命大幅度降低,并使得触点表面呈现"雪花"一般的形貌。结论振动环境导致了触点之间电弧的变化,以及触点表面接触压力、接触面积和接触超程等,并通过燃弧时间和超程时间的变化趋势对其进行了验证。 相似文献
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特种设备作业人员具备一定的安全知识和必要的操作技能,是保障特种设备安全运行的重要因素。分析了培训、考核、发证、用人单位等环节的现状及存在问题,并对特种设备作业人员培训考核工作提出了改革建议。 相似文献
470.
重金属吸附菌处理含锌废水的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从污水厂活性污泥中分离筛选出3株对重金属锌吸附能力较强的菌株,考察了pH值、温度和Zn2+质量浓度对菌株吸附含锌废水的影响。结果表明,菌株Z-5-2在pH=7.0、温度30℃、Zn2+质量浓度为200mg/L时吸附效果最好;菌株Z-5-3在pH=6.0、温度28℃、Zn2+质量浓度为250mg/L时吸附效果最好;菌株Z-5-4在pH=7.0、温度28℃、Zn2+质量浓度300mg/L时吸附效果最好。其中,菌株Z-5-4吸附能力最强,吸附率可达95.5%,对菌株Z-5-4进行16SrDNA序列分析,鉴定Z-5-4为产吲哚金黄色杆菌。 相似文献