固相微萃取气相色谱法测定水样中的苯胺、吡啶

应用PDMS/DVB固相微萃取探头,结合GC/FID测定水中的苯胺、吡啶.优化了萃取温度、萃取平衡时间、pH等条件.该方法对苯胺和吡啶的检测限分别为0.050、0.065 mg/L,相对标准偏差6.44%～8.67%,具有快速、准确和方便等优点.     

Simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxide/nitrogen dioxide/sulfur dioxide from gas streams by combined plasma scrubbing technology

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) [nitrogen oxide (NO) + nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are removed individually in traditional air pollution control technologies. This study proposes a combined plasma scrubbing (CPS) system for simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx. CPS consists of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and wet scrubbing in series. DBD is used to generate nonthermal plasmas for converting NO to NO2. The water-soluble NO2 then can be removed by wet scrubbing accompanied with SO2 removal. In this work, CPS was tested with simulated exhausts in the laboratory and with diesel-generator exhausts in the field. Experimental results indicate that DBD is very efficient in converting NO to NO2. More than 90% removal of NO, NOx, and SO2 can be simultaneously achieved with CPS. Both sodium sulfide (Na2S) and sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) scrubbing solutions are good for NO2 and SO2 absorption. Energy efficiencies for NOx and SO2 removal are 17 and 18 g/kWh, respectively. The technical feasibility of CPS for simultaneous removal of NO, NO2, and SO2 from gas streams is successfully demonstrated in this study. However, production of carbon monoxide as a side-product (approximately 100 ppm) is found and should be considered.     

超声波技术处理微污染水的实验研究

通过实验,对使用超声波技术处理微污染水的效果、机理进行了初步研究,实验结果表明,超声波对微污染水的细菌和色度去除效果明显,细菌的去除符合一级反应动力学方程,对COD和浊度去除有一定效果,但不显著。结果还发现,水体pH值随时间呈上升趋势。     

焦炉装煤烟尘治理方案的探讨

焦炉装煤烟尘含有害物质，污染环境，危害人体健康。袋式除尘器的使用，消除了烟尘的污染，但因投资大、运行费用高、操作复杂，难以得到快速、广泛的推广。根据实验结果和已有应用情况，本文推荐了三相流化床除尘装置和颗粒层除尘器，它们可用于焦炉装煤烟尘治理，其投资和运行费用会大大降低。     

周边土地利用类型对川西平原西河氮素的影响

以四川盆地西部典型农业小流域为研究区,于2015年3月~2016年2月持续监测河流氮素（NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN）和pH,结合遥感解译、地理信息系统和相关性分析等技术,探讨了监测断面周边流域土地利用类型与河流氮素及pH值的关系.结果表明,研究区河流氮素浓度的季节变化均表现为冬季最高（2.063mg/L）、春秋次之（1.536mg/L;1.432mg/L）、夏季最低（1.085mg/L）,同时月均NO₃^--N浓度（0.891mg/L）显著高于NH₄⁺-N（0.425mg/L）（P<0.01）,且NO₃^--N受到典型土地利用类型的显著影响.随着缓冲区半径的增加,耕地、城乡建设用地和水域的面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度相关性逐渐降低,且在250m缓冲区内,城乡建设用地面积与NO₃^--N浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;交通运输用地面积与所有氮组分的相关性均增大,且在750m缓冲区内,交通运输用地面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.城乡建设用地和交通运输用地可能是河流NO₃^--N的"源".     

元素和矿物组成揭示的金沙江干热河谷黄土状物质的物源

利用沉积物解读古环境信息的前提是必须清楚它的物源。金沙江干热河谷中存在的黄土状物质为解读金沙江河谷环境演化提供了一种物质载体。论文从物质组成相似性方面来研究金沙江干热河谷中黄土状物质的主要来源。通过测试分析黄土状物质以及其可能的物源,包括金沙江河漫滩、古堰塞湖沉积物以及金沙江流域山原红壤的元素和矿物组成后发现:金沙江古堰塞湖沉积物在常量元素、微量元素和矿物组成上与黄土状物质最为接近,说明古堰塞湖沉积可能是金沙江干热河谷黄土状物质的主要物源,这一结论与作者在野外观察到的凡有黄土状物质分布的地区,在附近就能找到古堰塞湖沉积的现象是一致的。     

河南三杨庄剖面光释光年代学研究

河南省安阳市内黄县三杨庄遗址是由于黄河下游洪水快速掩埋而保存的汉代文化遗址,是研究黄河流域历史气候变化与古河道变迁的理想载体。近年来,石英的光释光（OSL）测年技术广泛应用于水成沉积物的定年。本文选取三杨庄文化遗址区的一个深度为10.40 m 的剖面,使用细颗粒石英单片再生剂量（SAR）法OSL 技术测量了该剖面的8个样品的年龄,建立了剖面年代标尺,并与前人测得的加速器质谱（AMS）¹⁴C年龄进行了对比,结果显示：（1）三杨庄剖面年龄分布在约12.43 — 1.21 ka,沉积于整个全新世时期,剖面沉积速率波动幅度较大,在约3.91 — 3.15 ka（深度9.60 — 5.00 m）沉积速率很快,而3.91 ka 之前的早 — 中全新世时沉积速率较慢;（2）剖面深度8.60 — 5.00 m,¹⁴C年代相对OSL 年代出现严重高估,高估值随深度增加而增大,由约2 ka 变化到约7 ka,推断三杨庄剖面¹⁴C年代的高估可能是由于碳库效应的影响;（3）三杨庄剖面细颗粒石英OSL 测年结果指示细颗粒石英在河流-洪积相沉积物测定中的潜力。     

Prevalence and Bayesian Phylogenetics of Enteroviruses Derived From Environmental Surveillance Around Polio Vaccine Switch Period in Shandong Province,China

Food and Environmental Virology - We present the results of environmental surveillance for poliovirus (PV) and non-poliovirus (NPEV) around the switch from trivalent to bivalent oral polio-vaccine...     

Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing, China

In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m~3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m~3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m~3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m~3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation.     

金塘岛群港区海洋交通资源承载力评价研究

本文从港区海洋交通资源承载力的概念出发,构建了包括港区航道资源承载力、锚地承载力、港区泊位承载力计算方法以及相应的预警标准的港区海洋交通资源承载力理论模型,并运用该模型对金塘岛群港区进行了实证研究。计算结果表明:未来航道资源不是港区海洋交通资源承载力的瓶颈因素,锚地资源将是港区交通物流经济发展的瓶颈因素,港区泊位难以满足港航物流经济发展的需要。基于本文研究得出3点结论:一是合理规划锚地资源,扩建及新建锚地,扩建码头以增加泊位数量,到2020年,至少需要新增6个泊位,优化配置现有的港区基础设施以使码头服务高效化;二是大力推进海铁联运发展,促进金塘岛群港区加快集疏运模式转型升级;三是积极推进"智慧港区"建设,有效提升金塘岛群港区综合服务能力。