欧盟化学品环境管理战略研究与启示

贯彻化学物质的全生命周期环境风险管理理念,加强新污染物治理,深入打好污染防治攻坚战,是促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的重要内容。以欧洲化学品可持续战略为主线,分析欧盟与化学品相关的环境管理战略与行动计划,从化学品的安全可持续设计、环境零化学污染、化学物质风险评估机制和风险管理方法等方面进行研究,通过问题总结、差距比对,分析提出对我国开展化学品环境管理工作的启示,对推动精准治污、科学治污、依法治污,促进生态文明建设,有重要借鉴意义。     

乌东德库区消落带土壤水分分布特征

消落带土壤水分是制约植物生长发育的关键因素,对库区消落带生态修复意义重大.本文系统分析了乌东德库区消落带修复试验区土壤含水量分布,探索了土壤水分空间变化和影响因素.结果表明:研究区5月水分含量低于5％,不同试验分区和高程区域土壤水分分布受到微地形、土壤特征、植被类型和植被覆盖度等影响.土壤水分随深度变化的主控因素包括地...     

我国自然保护区有效管理现状及其分析

本文在对我国１０多个省（自治区）２ｏ多个自然保护区的实际调查和全国资料的统计分析基础上，从我国自然保护区的管理体制、管理机构建设、资源的保护与适度开发利用、科学研究与宣传教育等方面，全面分析了我国自然保护区有效管理的现状，总结了取得的成绩和存在的问题，并针对存在的主要问题，提出了相应的对策与建议。     

论乡镇工业排污收费

本文介绍了乡镇工业排污费的征收现状及特点；根据１９８９年全国乡镇工业污染源调查数据对乡镇工业排污费应征值作了测算，并从对乡镇工业、社会、财政收入和农村环境保护的影响以及征收可行性等方面进行了论证；在此基础上，对乡镇工业排污费实征率低的原因作了分析，提出了乡镇工业排污费征收、管理和使用的有关建议。     

Do early colonization patterns of periphytic ciliate fauna reveal environmental quality status in coastal waters?

The feasibility for developing a protocol to assess marine water quality based on early colonization features of periphytic ciliate fauna was studied in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea, northern China. The ciliate communities with 3–28-day ages were collected monthly at four stations with a spatial gradient of environmental stress from August 2011 to July 2012. The spatial patterns of both early (3–7 days) and mature (>10 days) communities of the ciliates represented significant differences among the four stations, and were significantly correlated with environmental variables, especially nutrients and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Seven and eight dominant species were significantly correlated with nutrients or COD within the early and mature communities, respectively. The species richness indices were strongly correlated with nutrients, especially in mature communities. These findings suggest that it is possible to assess the status of water quality using early colonization features of periphytic ciliate fauna in coastal waters.     

Energy consumption model and energy efficiency evaluation for CNC continuous generating grinding machine tools

Abstract

Machine tool, which is the basis energy consumed device in manufacturing system, its energy consumption model and energy efficiency evaluation are the prerequisites for energy saving in manufacturing. Considering the multi-energy-sources features,analysed the mathematical model of a CNC continuous generating grinding machine tool from the view of energy constitute. The energy sources of a CNC continuous generating grinding machine tool are classified into gear grinding system, grinding wheel dressing system and auxiliary system. Based on the power balance equations of energy flow, the energy flow system of a CNC continuous generating grinding machine tool is established. And then the energy consumption mathematical model of a CNC continuous generating grinding machine tool is set up by combining the power balance equations with the operating features of three kinds of energy sources. The case study shows that the proposed energy consumption model can provide fundamental support for energy consumption forecasting, energy efficiency analysis and energy-saving optimisation during the machine tool operation process.     

自然资源代际转移模型研究

代际均衡发展是可持续发展的核心内容之一，而代际均衡的实现在目前情况下有赖于代际主动财富转移改策实施。政府的宏观调控是实施这一政策的有力手段。具体的措施可开征“资源代际补偿税”以建立专项基金制度     

资源代际管理与可持续发展

代际均衡发展是可持续发展战略的重要方面,代际均衡发展的物质基础是代际财富均衡。自然资源是代际财富均衡分配的主要内容,需要进行资源代际管理来保证可持续发展战略的实现。     

Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in soil and sediment from an electronic waste recycling facility

In this study samples of ten species of fish were analyzed for concentrations of organochlorine pesticides, PCBs and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cu). Fish were captured using electric fishing on ten sites along the Dr?me river (Rh?ne-Alpes region). Quantitative determination of the organochlorine and PCBs compounds was performed by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Samples contained detectable concentrations of lindane, PCBs, and heavy metals but at concentrations below the maximum residue limit (MRL). Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to distinguish groups of sites with different levels of contamination. PCBs concentrations increased along the river with four groups of sites significantly different from each other. Cadmium concentrations were below the MRL. Lead contamination showed two groups significantly different and a repartition similar to PCBs. Copper contamination was correlated with the localization of vineyards. We assessed the potential effects of contamination the otter (Lutra lutra). The concentrations of all pollutants analyzed in fish sampled in this study are lower than the threshold values described in literature. The Dr?me river is relatively unpolluted river, and the establishment of otter populations should not be affected by pollution.