工业园区污水处理措施研究

在最近几年中,中国出现越来越多的工业园区,进而有效带动了中国地方经济的快速发展,同时也在工业园区污水处理方面,积累了一定的实践经验,不过还是存在较多问题.基于此,文章对工业园区污水处理方法进行了深入分析,并提出了相应的工业区污水处理措施,包括对污水水质进行准确区分、对污水进行科学处理,提高政府监督力度,对污水排放进行有效监控,制定更为严格的入园标准等,以期能够为工业园区污水的处理提供有价值的参考意见.     

2012年全球危险化学品运输事故统计分析

对2012年全球发生的危险化学品运输事故从事故时间、事故类型、事故物质、事故原因等多角度进行了统计分析,结果表明:公路运输事故7、12月份发生最多;泄漏、爆炸是危险化学品运输事故最常见的事故类型;挖掘破坏、其他外力破坏是造成管输事故的主要原因;人的失误和车辆故障是造成交通运输事故的主要原因。提出了预防事故发生的建议措施。     

基于隐患整改的职业安全管理

1引言 安全的本质是系统存在的正常状态,是系统不发生意外、运行正常、进展顺利的动态过程.在此过程中,系统不对人身构成危害、不对设备造成损坏、不使系统有目的的行动暂时或永久终止.     

Studies of Thermal Transformations of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils I. Infrared Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to monitor structural changes of humic and fulvic acids isolated from soils in China, in the temperature range of 25-550°C. in this work, we found that decarboxylation is obvious as the main reaction with dehydration reaction from 150°C to 400°C, the anhydride can be identified from FT-IR spectra at temperature range from 200°C to 400°C; there are evident changes of the aromatic nucleus of humic and fulvic acids above 400°C, even remaining up to 550°C. Besides, some changes of adsorption water can be distinguished before 200°C, and the mass signal of sulphur dioxide was detected.     

Fenton试剂氧化—原水调节出水pH法预处理碱性印染废水

采用Fenton试剂氧化—原水调节出水pH法预处理碱性印染废水,考察了n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)、Fenton试剂加入量、反应时间和原水与Fenton试剂氧化反应后出水体积比(配水比)对COD去除率及废水pH的影响.实验结果表明,在原水COD为986 mg/L、原水pH为9.31、Fe2+加入量为12 mmol/L、n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)为2、反应时间为30 min、配水比为2的最佳条件下,COD去除率为26.9％,出水pH为6.60.药剂成本较普通Fenton试剂氧化法减少70％.     

电场预处理强化微藻处理猪场废水的效果优化研究

近年来,基于微藻的废水处理技术受到越来越多的关注,但猪场废水所具有的高色、高浊、高盐等水质特点限制了微藻的处理效果和生长情况.为解决该问题,本研究考虑采用电场处理技术与微藻废水处理相结合的思路,对猪场废水厌氧消化出水进行深度处理.先比较4种不同阳极材料（石墨、铝、不锈钢、钛）的废水预处理效果,再进一步考察各组电场预处理对后续微藻废水处理效果和生长情况的影响.结果表明：不锈钢组和铝组对色度和浊度均表现出了较好的去除效果（92.44%和83.72%;99.83%和99.74%）.此外,经电场预处理后的微藻废水处理效果和生长情况均有明显的提升,其中不锈钢组和铝组最终生物量分别达到2.22、1.89 g·L^-1,远高于对照的原水组.而不锈钢组和铝组中的叶绿素a含量浓度分别增至接种时的11.48倍和9.89倍.这说明将电场预处理与微藻废水处理相结合,可以有效提高污染物去除效果,同时获得更大的有价生物质资源的产量,实现更好的技术经济性和可行性,为该工艺的推广应用提供理论基础和技术支撑.     

宁夏贺兰山三种植被下土壤有机碳密度的比较

干旱、半干旱地区的土壤有机碳库是全球土壤碳库的重要组成部分,在全球碳循环的研究中有着重要作用.本文以宁夏贺兰山国家级自然保护区的油松(Pinus tnbulaeformis Carr.)、灰榆(Ulmus glaucescens Franch.)和灌丛三种植被下的土壤为研究对象,比较分析了这三种土壤不同层次有机碳含量和有机碳密度的变化情况.结果表明:三种土壤的有机碳含量均随着深度的增加而减少;油松植被下土壤的有机碳密度最高(11.30±0.36 kg·m-2),灰榆植被下土壤的有机碳密度次之(4.34±0.13kg·m-2),灌丛植被下土壤的有机碳密度最低(2.50±0.07 kg·m-2);油松、灰榆和灌丛三种植被下的土壤表层(0-5 cm)有机碳储量分别占其土壤有机碳总储量的10.32%±0.07%、23.43%±0.69%和26.80%±0.20%,灰榆和灌丛植被下的土壤发育情况较差,其有机碳相对较多地储存在表层土壤中;发育较好的土壤,其有机碳总储量也较高.为减少土壤表层CO2的排放,我们应加强对地表植被的保护,这对减缓全球变暖趋势具有重要意义.     

ISO14000与可持续发展的关系

ISO14000是国际标准化组织制定的环境管理系列标准，已成为环境管理的热点，本文分析了ISO14000的基本要求，通过分析ISO14000与可持续发展的关系，指出如何通过ISO14000的推广，有效促进可持续发展进程。     

Relationship between fluorine in drinking water and dental health of residents in some large cities in China

In this project, the relationship between fluorine content in drinking water and dental health of residents in some large cities in China was evaluated. The concentration of fluorine in tap water and in urine of local subjects of 28 cities and 4 high fluorine villages in China shows a strong positive correlation (r(2)=0.96, S.E.=0.9881). Our studies indicate that drinking water is the most important source of fluorine intake for Chinese people, and in more than 90% of urban cities, fluorine concentrations in drinking water are below levels recommended by the WHO (approximately 0.5-1.0 mg/l). A 1995 investigation by The National Committee on Oral Health of China (NCOH) shows the relationship between average number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) of urban residents and fluorine concentration in drinking water to be negatively correlated but not forming a good linear relationship. Our results, together with the previous study, suggest that: (1) dental caries of the study population can be reduced by drinking water fluoridation and that (2) other factors such as economic level, weather, lifestyle, food habits, living condition, etc., of a city can also affect the incidence of dental caries that cannot be predicted by fluoridation alone. Research on the relation between index of fluorosis (IF) and the fluorine concentration in drinking water for the four high fluorine villages showed that the recommended concentration of fluorine in drinking water can protect from dental fluorosis.