Distribution of quinolone and macrolide resistance genes and their co-occurrence with heavy metal resistance genes in vegetable soils with long-term application of manure

The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an increasingly serious global public health issue. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ARB and ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soils with long-term application of manure. Five typical ARGs, four heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The amount of ARB in manure-improved soil greatly exceeded that in control soil, and the bacterial resistance rate decreased significantly with increases in antibiotic concentrations. In addition, the resistance rate of ARB to enrofloxacin (ENR) was lower than that of tylosin (TYL). Real-time qPCR results showed that long-term application of manure enhanced the relative abundance of ARGs in vegetable soils, and the content and proportion of quinolone resistance genes were higher than those of macrolide resistance genes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that qepA and qnrS significantly correlated with total and available amounts of Cu and Zn, highlighting that certain heavy metals can influence persistence of ARGs. Integrase gene intI1 correlated significantly with the relative abundance of qepA, qnrS, and ermF, suggesting that intI1 played an important role in the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Furthermore, there was a weakly but not significantly positive correlation between specific detected MRGs and ARGs and MGEs. The results of this study enhance understanding the potential for increasing ARGs in manure-applied soil, assessing ecological risk and reducing the spread of ARGs.

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PHB在生物医学中的应用研究进展

本文综述了新型生物可降解材料聚β－羟基丁酸酯在用作药物缓释载体材料以及其它生物医学材料方面的应用研究进展和发展趋势。     

边境贸易发展的环境影响预测及其调控研究——以满洲里市为例

边镜贸易作为我国作为开放的重要组成部分，进展显著。本文在概述我国边境贸易发展所产生的环境问题的基础上，以我国最大的陆边口岸－－满州里市为例，运用灰色预测，动态规划等方法探讨边境贸易与环境保护协调发展的途径。     

Bioleaching of spent Ni-Cd batteries and phylogenetic analysis of an acidophilic strain in acidified sludge

Biohydrometallurgy is a novel method to recycle discarded batteries, in which sewage sludge is used as microorganisms and culture due to the presence of indigenous Thiobacilli. A two-step continuous flow leaching system consisting of an acidifying reactor and a leaching reactor was introduced to achieve the bioleaching of spent nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. The acid supernatant produced in the acidifying reactor by the microorganisms with ferrous ions as the substrate was conducted into the leaching reactor to dissolve electrode materials. The efficiency of a batch treatment of batteries was examined. The results showed that the complete dissolution of two AA-sized Ni-Cd batteries with 0.6 L/d acid supernatant took about 30, 20, and 35 days for Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively. But the dissolution ability of the three metals was different. Cd and Co can be leached mostly for pH below 4.0 while the complete dissolution of Ni can be achieved for pH below 2.5. Meanwhile, a strain (named Thiooxidans. WL) accounting for the reduction of pH in the acidified sludge was isolated and sequenced. It was identified to be 100% similar to Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain Tf-49 based on 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The relevant phylogenetic tree constructed indicates that the strain should be classified into genus Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans.     

吸烟气相物质引起的脂质过氧化的研究

本文用吸烟气相物质作用于卵磷脂形成的脂质体及人多形核白细胞,用TBA法和共轭二烯法检测吸烟气相物质作用下的脂质过氧化水平,结果发现,随着吸烟气相物质作用时间的延长,MDA和共轭二烯的含量也随之增大。表明吸烟气相物质能够引起脂质过氧化反应。     

用黑麦幼苗法测定土壤中污染元素的生物有效性

本文对全国污灌区１２个土样中Ｃｄ形态与生物有效性的试验表明，Ｃｄ的交换态，吸附态，有机结合态均有效，且有机结合态最为有效，对紫阳县富硒土壤的试验表明：黑麦幼苗中的总Ｓｅ量与０．１ｍｏｌ／１ＫＨ２ＰＯ４的浸提量最为相关，从而推荐该法为酸性土壤有效Ｓｅ的浸提方法，对西安污水厂污水污泥在娄土上不同施用量的试验表明：幼苗中Ｎ，Ｐ随施用量增加而增加，Ｎ，Ｐ的有效率分别为５０－７０％及１５－２８％；黑麦幼苗中     

城市垃圾渗滤液及其生物处理对策

垃圾的填埋处理产生了大量的垃圾渗滤液，必须进行处理后才能排入水体。目前主要是采用生物方法处理垃圾渗滤液。本文着重分析了垃圾渗滤液的特点，加成分复杂，水质水量变化大，金属、有权物和氨氮浓度高，微生物营养元素比例失调等，并列举实例提出了提高生物处理效果的相应对策。     

吸烟烟气引起鼠肝微粒体脂质过氧化的ESR波谱研究

本文用ESR自旋捕集技术,以4-POBN为捕集剂,研究了吸烟烟气处理的鼠肝微粒体体系中的自由基性质。结果发现,在吸烟烟气处理的鼠肝微粒体中,4-POBN捕集到了自由基信号,这一信号的强度随温育时间的延长及充入烟气的量增加而增强,根据其性质及ESR波谱参数分析,体系中产生了脂类自由基。结果说明,吸烟烟气刺激了鼠肝微粒体的脂质过氧化。     

有机磷农药废水碱性水解生物处理技术

本文报道了碱性水解和生物氧化两步法,处理有机磷农药-乐果、甲胺磷生产废水的研究结果.废水经碱性水解后,COD和有机磷浓度基本不变,但可生化性有明显改善.在遵循常规生物处理必须满足的条件下,碱性废水进一步用间歇或连续活性污泥法处理.COD去除率90%左右,有机磷去除率85%以上,有机磷含量以毒性磷计小于0.5mg/L.深入考察了碱解剂种类、水溶液的pH和温度等各种因素对碱性水解的影响,结果表明:NaOH作碱解剂时的碱解速率比Ca(OH),提高28%;碱解速率随pH和温度的升高而增大,pH每增加一个单位,碱解速率增加2～11倍;温度每升高10℃,碱解速率增加2～5倍.     

水生金针菜对食品废水的净化

本文介绍了金针菜在水面上无土栽培技术和对食品废水的净化功能.试验结果证明,金针菜是净化食品废水的一种优良植物,其经济效益也很显著.