石英砂表面活性滤膜去除地下水中氨氮的试验研究

为研究石英砂滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化地下水中氨氮的性能,采用已运行4年的中试石英砂滤柱,改变进水氨氮负荷并且长期持续过滤仅含氨氮的进水,考察该滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能.结果表明:在进水氨氮浓度为0.8~1.3mg/L,水温为20~23℃,滤速为7m/h的试验条件下,滤料表面活性滤膜催化氧化氨氮的性能可长期保持稳定、高效;在溶解氧(DO)充足的条件下,氨氮的最大去除负荷为22.3g/(m³·h),且其与氨氮进水负荷正相关;氨氮的极限去除浓度受溶解氧的限制,且当DO不足时,滤速对溶解氧的消耗影响较大.     

Annual nonmethane hydrocarbon trends in Beijing from 2000 to 2019

High loads of ground-level ozone have occurred with the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. However, the long temporal variation in precursor nonmethane hydrocarbons(NMHCs) has rarely been studied. In this study, we examined the evolution of NMHCs in Beijing based on ambient measurements from 2000 to 2019. The results indicated that the annual variation of ambient NMHCs during 2000 and 2019 could be divided into two stages. The mixing ratios of NMHCs rapidly r...     

Characteristics of plankton Hg bioaccumulations based on a global data set and the implications for aquatic systems with aggravating nutrient imbalance

• Hg bioaccumulation by phytoplankton varies among aquatic ecosystems. • Active Hg uptake may exist for the phytoplankton in aquatic ecosystems. • Impacts of nutrient imbalance on food chain Hg transfer should be addressed. The bioaccumulation of mercury (Hg) in aquatic ecosystem poses a potential health risk to human being and aquatic organism. Bioaccumulations by plankton represent a crucial process of Hg transfer from water to aquatic food chain. However, the current understanding of major factors affecting Hg accumulation by plankton is inadequate. In this study, a data set of 89 aquatic ecosystems worldwide, including inland water, nearshore water and open sea, was established. Key factors influencing plankton Hg bioaccumulation (i.e., plankton species, cell sizes and biomasses) were discussed. The results indicated that total Hg (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in plankton in inland waters were significantly higher than those in nearshore waters and open seas. Bioaccumulation factors for the logarithm of THg and MeHg of phytoplankton were 2.4–6.0 and 2.6–6.7 L/kg, respectively, in all aquatic ecosystems. They could be further biomagnified by a factor of 2.1–15.1 and 5.3–28.2 from phytoplankton to zooplankton. Higher MeHg concentrations were observed with the increases of cell size for both phyto- and zooplankton. A contrasting trend was observed between the plankton biomasses and BAF_MeHg, with a positive relationship for zooplankton and a negative relationship for phytoplankton. Plankton physiologic traits impose constraints on the rates of nutrients and contaminants obtaining process from water. Nowadays, many aquatic ecosystems are facing rapid shifts in nutrient compositions. We suggested that these potential influences on the growth and composition of plankton should be incorporated in future aquatic Hg modeling and ecological risk assessments.     

气液相组合生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气研究

对生物膜填料塔 液相生物处理的组合系统净化低浓度甲醛废气进行实验研究,结果表明,组合系统对甲醛废气的净化效果明显优于单独生物膜填料塔净化系统,甲醛净化效率提高35%以上,甲醛生化去除量增大50%以上.动力学研究结果表明,甲醛在生物膜上的生化降解反应为慢速生化反应,需要采取强化甲醛液相生化降解反应、提高反应速率的措施,来提高废气中甲醛的生物净化效果.     

净化烹饪油污微生物菌种的选育

利用正交试验方法优化了净化烹饪油污菌种选育的环境和营养条件 ,即 :油 :2 0mL、NaNO3( 2g L) :4mL、KH2 PO4( 0 .5g L) :3mL、微量元素溶液 (CuSO4·5H2 O 0 .0 3g L ,ZnSO4·7H2 O 0 .1g L ,MnCl2 ·4H2 O 0 .0 5g L) :1mL和温度 3 7℃ ;而且得出氮源是影响菌体增长的最重要因素 ,温度是影响微生物降解的重要因素 ,而微量元素和磷源对菌种培育结果影响较小。在此优化条件下选育出了合适降解烹饪油污的c种子菌液 ,其每天可降解油 2 2mg L以上 ,并鉴定出主要的微生物是嗜水性气单孢菌 (Aeromonashydrophila 4AK4)、黄丝藻属 (Tribonema)和多甲藻属 (Peridinium)等菌体 ;分析了选育过程活性微生物、目标污染物和微生物的代谢产物三者之间的关系 ,发现所选微生物能利用油类物质作为碳源进行生长代谢     

Ag~+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚和乙硫醇吸附与光催化氧化研究

采用高温固相法合成具有不同Nb/Ti摩尔比的复合钛铌酸钾盐,通过Ag+离子交换对其进行改性。在静态下评价了Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对二甲基硫醚(DMS)和乙硫醇(EM)的吸附与紫外光催化氧化作用,使用红外光谱技术对催化剂表面滞留物种进行表征。结果表明,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对DMS的吸附作用力比EM弱。随着Nb/Ti摩尔比增加,Ag+改性复合钛铌酸钾盐对EM的吸附作用力增强。在紫外光辐射下,Ag+改性的复合钛铌酸钾盐将DMS氧化为亚砜、砜和硫酸盐,而EM则被氧化为磺酸和单齿硫酸盐。     

关于企业安全评价的思考

我国安全评价工作,从无到有、从小到大,期间经历了曲曲折折,安全评价体系为保障我国的安全生产工作发挥了巨大的作用,但也要注意到安全评价后企业的安全状况、职工的安全意识、安全技术水平没有得到根本性的改变及安全评价机构的地位、安全的科学定义不明确等,这就很值得安全监管和安全科技工作人员思考.     

湖泊富营养化的成因及防治对策

湖泊富营养化是当今世界面临的最主要的水污染问题.简要分析了富营养化的形成及其危害,对我国各大型湖泊的富营养化现状以及对该问题的处理对策进行了概述.     

基于不同污泥量间歇饥饿的CANON工艺启动

为了探究不同污泥量间歇饥饿对于全程自养脱氮（CANON）工艺启动的影响,R1、R2和R3反应器分别采用水力筛分间歇饥饿、部分污泥间歇饥饿和全部污泥间歇饥饿3种不同的方式启动CANON工艺.结果显示,R1、R2和R3反应器分别在第44,66和58d顺利启动,第70d时,其总氮去除率分别达到73.63%、71.56%和67.40%左右,粒径分别达到了404,359和306μm.分析表明,水力筛分间歇饥饿方式可以选择性地针对絮状污泥进行饥饿,避免间歇饥饿对于污泥EPS及粒径的负面影响,在有效抑制NOB菌活性的同时易于保持相关功能菌的活性;部分污泥间歇饥饿的方式在一定程度上避免了AOB和ANAMMOX活性的衰减,但同时NOB的抑制效果也较差;整体间歇饥饿策略对于NOB的抑制效果最好,但同时也不利于CANON工艺相关功能菌的活性保持.