生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染物识别与质量评价

基于现场调研和1991~2014年的相关报道,通过累计污染负荷比法对我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水的主要污染物进行了识别;并通过内梅罗指数法和地下水质量评分法对其地下水质量进行了评价,以期为我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水污染的评价、修复和治理提供依据.结果表明:我国生活垃圾填埋场地下水中已报道检出污染物共计99种,同时还有视觉污染指标2种,其他综合性污染指标6种.其中普遍性污染物主要包括:氨氮、硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐、高锰酸盐指数、COD、总硬度、氯化物、铁、锰、总大肠菌群、挥发酚等;局部性污染物主要包括:总磷、溶解性总固体、氟化物、硫酸盐、细菌总数、铬(六价)等;点源性污染物主要包括:三氯苯、镉、铅、汞、碘化物等,局部性和点源性污染物地区差异明显.我国生活垃圾填埋场附近地下水质量综合评分F值为7.85,属于极差级别,已受到严重污染.     

废大理石粉湿法烟气脱硫工艺实验

实验研究了废大理石粉作为脱硫剂的湿法烟气脱硫工艺,分析了其吸收SO₂的传质反应机理.试验了不同液气比(L/G)、吸收浆液pH值和进气SO₂浓度等主要参数对脱硫率的影响,并对实验结果进行了分析.结果表明,选择以下操作条件较为适宜:pH₀=5.5～6.5,L/G=3L/m³,a=2%;以上工艺条件下,在进气SO₂浓度为1000ml/m³时,脱硫率达60%以上.本文还讨论了废大理石粉作为脱硫剂的工业应用前景.     

IC反应器厌氧处理MTO废水

以初步驯化后的絮状污泥作为内循环(IC)反应器的接种污泥,厌氧处理甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废水(COD大于50 000 mg/L、TOC大于10 000 mg/L),以高负荷、高进水浓度方式培养颗粒污泥,考察了反应器运行过程中废水处理效果及污泥性状的变化情况。实验结果表明:IC反应器的进水COD容积负荷可达29.0 kg/(m~3·d),COD和TOC去除率可稳定在96%以上;在污泥培养阶段,废水升流速率宜采用0.4~0.6 m/h;在颗粒污泥未成熟时废水升流速率不宜提高过快,而在颗粒污泥成熟后,废水升流速率可在一定范围内快速提高。     

The use of food waste-based diets and Napier grass to culture grass carp: growth performance and contaminants contained in cultured fish

The present study used commercial feeds, food waste feeds, Napier grass, and mixed feeds (food waste feed to Napier grass ratio, 1:10) to feed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The results indicated that grass carp fed with food waste feeds and mix feeds achieved growth performance (based on specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio) that was similar to commercial feeds (p?>?0.05). Concentrations of metalloid/metals in food waste feeds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Napier grass were relatively higher than other types of fish feeds (p?<?0.05). However, most of the metalloid/metals and PAH levels in fish fed with four types of fish feeds were not significantly different (p?>?0.05). These findings show that food waste feeds are suitable for using in the production of fish feed and Napier grass can be served as supplemental feeds for grass carp, and hence reducing the production cost.     

CNTs-CeO_2/H_2O_2复合光催化氧化体系降解水中酸性橙Ⅱ

运用"化学沉淀法",将Ce O2负载到碳纳米管(CNTs)上制备复合光催化剂,采用"单因素实验法"优化了制备条件。运用透射电镜和X射线衍射仪对复合光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,负载到CNTs上的Ce O2为多晶面心立方结构,尺寸大小在6~10 nm之间,其在CNTs上分散效果好,负载均匀且负载率高。在溶液p H为5,CNTs-Ce O2用量为0.50g/L并光照2 h后,酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别达到64.71%和44.25%;加入0.02 mmol/L H2O2后,CNTsCe O2/H2O2复合体系对酸性橙Ⅱ的光脱色率和TOC去除率分别提高至91.35%和82.40%。这预示着CNTs-Ce O2/H2O2复合光催化氧化体系在对水中偶氮染料的光催化处理方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

Enhancing the Ability of a Soil Moisture‐based Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring by Incorporating Root Distribution

Agricultural drought differs from meteorological, hydrological, and socioeconomic drought, being closely related to soil water availability in the root zone, specifically for crop and crop growth stage. In previous studies, several soil moisture indices (e.g., the soil moisture index, soil water deficit index) based on soil water availability have been developed for agricultural drought monitoring. However, when developing these indices, it was generally assumed that soil water availability to crops was equal throughout the root zone, and the effects of root distribution and crop growth stage on soil water uptake were ignored. This article aims to incorporate root distribution into a soil moisture‐based index and to evaluate the performance of the improved soil moisture index for agricultural drought monitoring. The Huang‐Huai‐Hai Plain of China was used as the study area. Overall, soil moisture indices were significantly correlated with the crop moisture index (CMI), and the improved root‐weighted soil moisture index (RSMI) was more closely related to the CMI than averaged soil moisture indices. The RSMI correctly identified most of the observed drought events and performed well in the detection of drought levels. Furthermore, the RSMI had a better performance than averaged soil moisture indices when compared to crop yield. In conclusion, soil moisture indices could improve agricultural drought monitoring by incorporating root distribution.     

湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价

以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市＞株洲市＞湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致.     

Photocatalytic purification of volatile organic compounds in indoor air: A literature review

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are prevalent components of indoor air pollution. Among the approaches to remove VOCs from indoor air, photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) is regarded as a promising method. This paper is a review of the status of research on PCO purification of VOCs in indoor air. The review and discussion concentrate on the preparation and coating of various photocatalytic catalysts; different kinetic experiments and models; novel methods for measuring kinetic parameters; reaction pathways; intermediates generated by PCO; and an overview of various PCO reactors and their models described in the literature. Some recommendations are made for future work to evaluate the performance of photocatalytic catalysts, to reduce the generation of harmful intermediates and to design new PCO reactors with integrated UV source and reaction surface.     

江苏近岸海域富营养化特征研究

近年来,江苏近岸海域水质不佳,赤潮、绿潮等生态灾害屡屡发生,富营养化是其潜在原因之一。本文对该海域2019年和2020年春、夏、秋季航次监测的无机氮（DIN）、活性磷酸盐（SRP）、叶绿素a(Chl a)等水质参数进行了空间分析,采用指数评价法量化了该海域的富营养化程度,并基于统计分析研究了该海域的富营养化特征。结果表明：江苏近岸海域DIN浓度和SRP浓度总体呈现近岸高、远岸低的分布特征,营养盐浓度与盐度呈显著负相关关系;在降水量和径流量更大的夏季,营养盐浓度和Chl a浓度比春季和秋季更高;丰水年（2020年）相较平水年（2019年）,该海域的氮磷比和富营养化程度均更高。因此,陆源输入对江苏近岸海域的富营养化程度有至关重要的影响,加强对入海河流的监测和排污治理是缓解该海域富营养化的关键。