累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备及除铜性能

研究了累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂制备工艺条件及其去除铜冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的条件。实验结果表明:累托石与粉煤灰的比例为7∶3,另加入15%的添加剂(St)和50%的水,焙烧温度为500℃时,制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果最佳,而且其散失率较低。在不调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附剂用量为0·01g/mL,作用时间为60min,温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达99·5%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准。     

机动车尾气排放对城市空气质量的影响研究——以乌鲁木齐市春节前后对比分析

随着我国经济的高速发展,机动车尾气逐渐成为城市大气污染物的主要来源之一.在2013年2月5—18日春节前后,乌鲁木齐市节日前3 d大量机动车外流,节日期间2月10—12日滞留市内的机动车停运,通过对比春节前后乌鲁木齐市汽车流出量和油耗减少量,分析该时段5项大气污染物逐小时浓度变化,研究机动车尾气对乌鲁木齐市大气污染的潜在贡献和影响程度.结果表明:春节机动车停运期间,市区机动车流量下降明显,成品油消耗量减少约60%,尽管天气条件以不利于大气污染物扩散为主,但PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2和CO等5项大气污染物浓度均降至当月最低值(且均在达标范围内),分别比节日前下降44.2%、49.3%、54.5%、28.2%和3.7%.因此,"煤改气"工程实施后,乌鲁木齐市的煤烟污染得到极大改善,乌市大气污染类型已由煤烟型向机动车尾气混合型转化.提高成品油品质将促进减少城市机动车尾气污染,在当前的油品标准下,重大节假日期间机动车停驶有助于显著改善城市空气质量.     

不同林分枯落物和土壤持水能力研究

本文对不同林分的土壤最大持水力、土壤毛管持水力、枯落物最大持水量和枯落物最大持水率进行分析,得出不同林分枯落物和土壤持水能力的关系.     

内蒙古“十二五”规划中重点产业及区域发展水污染负荷环境压力评估

“十二五”内蒙城镇化率的提高,使得城镇生活点源COD和氨氮负荷产生量有较高增长.“十一五”期间内蒙城镇生活污水COD和氨氮的去除率较低,为实现十二五减排目标的完成,需大幅提高城镇污水处理厂处理能力,实现盟市污水处理厂收集处理率达到90％.此外城镇污水处理厂COD和氨氮的去除率,分别至少达到80％和45％以上.这样才能够满足重点产业发展增排的COD和氨氮的同时,实现十二五总量目标的实现.     

Constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in cold climate — A review

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been successfully used for treating various wastewaters for decades and have been identified as a sustainable wastewater management option worldwide. However, the application of CW for wastewater treatment in frigid climate presents special challenges. Wetland treatment of wastewater relies largely on biological processes, and reliable treatment is often a function of climate conditions. To date, the rate of adoption of wetland technology for wastewater treatment in cold regions has been slow and there are relatively few published reports on CW applications in cold climate. This paper therefore highlights the practice and applications of treatment wetlands in cold climate. A comprehensive review of the effectiveness of contaminant removal in different wetland systems including: (1) free water surface (FWS) CWs; (2) subsurface flow (SSF) CWs;and (3) hybrid wetland systems, is presented. The emphasis of this review is also placed on the influence of cold weather conditions on the removal efficacies of different contami-nants. The strategies of wetland design and operation for performance intensification, such as the presence of plant, operational mode, effluent recirculation, artificial aeration and in-series design, which are crucial to achieve the sustainable treatment performance in cold climate, are also discussed. This study is conducive to further research for the understanding of CW design and treatment performance in cold climate.     

鄂尔多斯盆地油田开发规划环评指标体系构建

鄂尔多斯盆地油田开发规划环评处于探索起步阶段,还未形成一套普遍认可的评价指标体系,2008年对延安市某采油厂油田开发进行了区域开发规划环评。在环境调查、相关方走访及规划方案分析、环境影响识别的基础上,结合当地自然环境、社会环境特征,构建该规划环评的三级指标体系。从多方面对本指标体系结构进行剖析,归纳出鄂尔多斯盆地油田开发规划环评指标体系构建应满足的原则和基本要求。     

长直水平管道中铝粉/空气混合物爆炸试验研究

在长为32.4 m,内径为0.199 m的大型长直水平管道中对铝粉/空气两相流的爆炸过程进行了试验研究.试验初始压力为0.14MPa,初始温度为20℃,水平布置17个传感器对试验数据进行测量记录.采用40J电火花进行点火,对铝粉/空气混合物燃烧转爆轰过程(DDT)进行分析,并对不同质量浓度时混合物的燃爆情况进行比较.结果表明:铝粉质量浓度为184 g/m3时,铝粉/空气混合物未被引燃;铝粉质量浓度为230 g/m3时,水平管道末端刚好进入爆轰阶段,此质量浓度为该条件下燃烧转爆轰的最低临界质量浓度;质量浓度为276g/m3、367 g/m3、459 g/m3 505g/m3、551 g/m3、643 g/m3时,均能在此水平管道内完成爆燃向爆轰的转变,并且能够自持.铝粉/空气混合物爆轰的最优质量浓度为551 g/m3.对质量浓度为505 g/m3时的铝粉/空气混合物的燃烧转爆轰过程进行分析,进入爆轰阶段后,多相燃料空气混合物爆轰超压和速度曲线呈现随距离传播不断振荡,但均值稳定的典型特征,其爆轰波胞格尺寸λ约为0.486m.     

拟南芥硫酯酶基因(atfata)在大肠杆菌中的表达及其对游离脂肪酸合成的影响

硫酯酶催化脂酰ACP(酰基载体蛋白)水解生成游离脂肪酸和ACP载体蛋白,能够解除脂肪酸合成与磷脂合成的偶联,是获得游离脂肪酸的关键基因.将拟南芥的硫酯酶基因atfata克隆到原核表达载体pET30a上,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达了His-tag融合蛋白,经SDS-PAGE检测获得特异性表达条带.对该重组菌株进行摇瓶发酵实验,GC-MS检测表明其与对照菌株脂肪酸组成并未发生变化;但其脂肪酸产量达到232.06 mg/L,比对照菌株提高了70%;同时胞外游离脂肪酸产量达到了33 mg/L,占总脂肪酸含量的15%,是野生菌株胞外脂肪酸产量的7倍.图3表2参17     

Effect of Na+ impregnated activated carbon on the adsorption of NH4+-N from aqueous solution

Two kinds of activated carbons modified by Na+ impregnation after pre-treatments involving oxidation by nitric acid or acidification by hydrochloric acid (denoted as AC/N-Na and AC/HCl-Na, respectively), were used as adsorbents to remove NH4+-N. The surface features of samples were investigated by BET, SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The adsorption experiments were conducted in equilibrium and kinetic conditions. Influencing factors such as initial solution pH and initial concentration were investigated. A possible mechanism was proposed. Results showed that optimal NH4+-N removal efficiency was achieved at a neutral pH condition for the modified ACs. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation provided a better fit than other models for the equilibrium study. The adsorption kinetics followed both the pseudo second-order kinetics model and intra-particle kinetic model. Chemical surface analysis indicated that Na+ ions form ionic bonds with available surface functional groups created by pre-treatment, especially oxidation by nitric acid, thus increasing the removal efficiency of the modified ACs for NH4+-N. Na+-impregnated ACs had a higher removal capability in removing NH4+-N than unmodified AC, possibly resulting from higher numbers of surface functional groups and better intra-particle diffusion. The good fit of Langmuir isotherm adsorption to the data indicated the presence of monolayer NH4+-N adsorption on the active homogenous sites within the adsorbents. The applicability of pseudo second-order and intra-particle kinetic models revealed the complex nature of the adsorption mechanism. The intra-particle diffusion model revealed that the adsorption process consisted not only of surface adsorption but also intra-particle diffusion.     

电场与放电杀菌技术应用于饮用水安全消毒的研究

使用空气隔离-同轴降膜反应器对饮用水进行电场和放电杀菌,在输入电压10 kV、频率12.5 kHz、处理时间50 s时,细菌总数分别减少了3.77和3.85个数量级.研究结果表明,放电杀菌的能量利用率及杀菌效率均高于电场杀菌.流式细胞仪和荧光电镜检测发现,电场和放电杀菌均对细菌蛋白质造成损伤,且电场处理过的细菌存在可进行损伤修复的亚致死细胞,而放电杀菌则不存在亚致死现象,表明放电杀菌具有较高的杀灭率.杀菌过程中活性自由基检测结果表明电场杀菌技术不会产生自由基等活性物质,相比较而言电场杀菌具有较高的安全性.