Predictors of telomere content in dragon lizards

Telomeres shorten as a consequence of DNA replication, in particular in cells with low production of telomerase and perhaps in response to physiological stress from exposure to reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide. This process of telomere attrition is countered by innate antioxidation, such as via the production of superoxide dismutase. We studied the inheritance of telomere length in the Australian painted dragon lizard (Ctenophorus pictus) and the extent to which telomere length covaries with mass-corrected maternal reproductive investment, which reflects the level of circulating yolk precursor and antioxidant, vitellogenin. Our predictors of offspring telomere length explained 72?% of telomere variation (including interstitial telomeres if such are present). Maternal telomere length and reproductive investment were positively influencing offspring telomere length in our analyses, whereas flow cytometry-estimated superoxide level was negatively impacting offspring telomere length. We suggest that the effects of superoxide on hatchling telomere shortening may be partly balanced by transgenerational effects of vitellogenin antioxidation.     

基于GIS的广西洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性评估

以灾害学理论为基础,GIS、RS为技术支持,利用1:5万基础地理信息数据、TM遥感影像数据,建立广西洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性评估指标体系;采用加权综合评价法计算洪涝灾害孕灾环境敏感性指数;运用自然断点法将广西洪涝孕灾环境敏感性划分为低敏感区、次低敏感区、中敏感区、次高敏感区、高敏感区等5个区域;用广西历史洪涝灾害频率分布数据进行对比验证。结果表明,敏感区划结果与洪涝灾害频率区划结果基本吻合。     

农药单甲脒盐酸盐在棉田生态系统中的残留及持久性研究

单甲脒盐酸盐属低残留非持久性农药。在棉叶中的半衰期为４．４－８．ｌｄ,在土壤中为１１．４—１２．３ｄ。分别以２５％单甲脒盐酸盐水剂的１０、５０、１００、５００、８００、１０００和１５００倍稀释液喷施７—８次,每次间隔约１５ｄ,在棉籽中检测出单甲脒最高残留为０．１７×１０－６。科学合理地施用单甲脒农药,不会对人体健康造成危害。     

三峡水库水位上升对香溪河流域典型滑坡的影响分析

在三峡水库蓄水后,香溪河流域众多滑坡出现变形失稳现象。白家堡滑坡、耿家坪滑坡、白马滩滑坡在蓄水后的变形特征各不相同。对库水位上升后3个滑坡的变形特征及其渗透性进行了比较研究,表明影响滑坡响应时间的主要因素是滑体的渗透性。以白家堡滑坡为例,利用摩根斯坦-普赖斯法,对不同c、值,进行75~175 m水位线的稳定性系数演算,发现各c、值不同水位线下稳定性系数曲线的变化规律有2种类型,即下降—平直型和下降—上升型,这种变化规律与浸水部位密切相关。     

广州市PM10的时空变化特征分析

广州市的空气颗粒物污染呈逐年加重趋势,因此利用2001-2004年广州市空气自动监测点(国控点)监测的PM10日平均质量浓度资料,分析了广州市PM10的时空变化特征.统计结果表明,广州市PM10年平均质量浓度逐年递增,月平均质量浓度和季节变化趋势也较明显,秋冬季节污染较重,春夏季节污染较轻;污染较重的是海珠区和黄埔区,污染较轻的为越秀区、天河区和花都区;主成分分析显示各监测点对广州市PM10污染的贡献相当,不同监测点之间PM10质量浓度的变化主要受大尺度上的天气现象影响.     

一体式膜-生物反应器中膜污染过程的动态分析

膜污染过程的动态研究对于有效地控制膜污染意义重大。结合膜过滤压差的上升和污染膜表面微观形态的变化 ,对不同污泥浓度和膜通量条件下 ,一体式膜 生物反应器中膜污染过程进行了动态分析。结果表明 ,膜污染初期主要是水中溶解性物质在膜表面附着 ,随后污泥在膜表面沉积。溶解性有机物在膜面的附着 ,对膜过滤压差即膜过滤阻力的变化影响不大 ,而活性污泥在膜表面的大量沉积将导致膜过滤压差迅速上升。污泥浓度愈高 ,膜通量愈大时 ,活性污泥颗粒愈易在膜面沉积。通过停止进出水维持空曝气、降低反应器内污泥浓度或延长膜的停抽时间可以使沉积在膜表面的悬浮污泥脱离膜表面 ,从而使膜过滤能力得到很好的恢复。采用经典的膜污染模型对各运行阶段膜污染模式进行了分析 ,模型拟合结果与电镜观察结果基本吻合。     

Team knowledge exchange: How and when does transformational leadership have an effect?

In this study, we examined how and when transformational leadership affected team knowledge exchange. Taking a goal pursuit perspective, we hypothesized two parallel mediating mechanisms—team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving—linking transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we investigated whether team-level team-member exchange served as a boundary condition that qualified the effects of transformational leadership on team knowledge goal generation and striving. We tested our hypotheses using time-lagged data from 118 work teams of a large Chinese manufacturing firm. Our findings provided support for the proposed parallel mediating mechanisms (i.e., team knowledge goal generation and team knowledge goal striving) that linked transformational leadership to team knowledge exchange. In addition, we found that team-level team-member exchange could strengthen the positive effect of transformational leadership on team knowledge exchange via team knowledge goal generation. By taking the novel lens of team goal pursuit, this study contributes to the literature on leadership and teams by shedding light on how transformational leadership triggers the goal pursuit process of team knowledge exchange.     

累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备及除钢性能

研究了累托石-粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂制备工艺条件及其去除铜冶炼废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的条件.实验结果表明:累托石与粉煤灰的比例为7:3,另加入15%的添加剂(St)和50%的水,焙烧温度为500℃时,制成的颗粒吸附剂不仅吸附效果最佳,而且其散失率较低.在不调节铜冶炼工业废水pH值的条件下,颗粒吸附剂用量为0.01g/mL,作用时间为60min,温度为25℃(常温)时,Cu(Ⅱ)的去除率达99.5%,处理后的水符合国家污水综合排放标准(GB8978-1996)一级标准.     

2甲4氯在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍２甲４氯除草剂在３种不同有机质含量的土壤中吸附常数的测定,利用批量平衡法建立了Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温线,获得了２甲４氯在土壤中有机碳吸附常数为１０８．２甲４氯在土壤中是单分子层吸附,其吸附行为属于物理吸附。     

除草剂2，4-D在土壤中吸附常数的测定

介绍除草剂２,４－Ｄ在４种不同有机碳含量、不同ｐＨ值的土壤中吸附常数的测定．结果表明,４种土壤对２,４－Ｄ的吸附等温线均符合非线形的Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ吸附等温式,其有机碳吸附常数的平均值为２３９．６．２,４－Ｄ的吸附常数与土壤有机碳含量呈正相关,土壤的ｐＨ值对２,４－Ｄ的吸附也有一定的影响．