环境水质自动监测系统建设与运行管理

结合山东省环境水质自动监测系统的实际,就环境水质自动监测系统的建设、运行、管理等核心问题进行研究,提出了智能化、实用性、统一性相结合的系统集成方案和监控平台建设整体设计思路,分析了实行社会化、专业化、规模化运营的必要性,从完善监管机制、严格绩效考核、科学审核数据三方面探讨了系统监督管理模式,例证了自动监测数据在环境管理工作中的全面应用。     

Potential of different species for use in removal of DDT from the contaminated soils

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its main metabolites, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE (DDTs in this study included DDT, DDD and DDE), are frequently detected in agricultural soils even though its usage in agriculture was banned in 1980s or earlier. In this study, eleven plants including eight maize (Zea mays) cultivars and three forage species (alfalfa, ryegrass and teosinte) widely cultivated in China were grown in the soils spiked with DDTs to investigate their potential for removal of DDT from the contaminated soils. The plants varied largely in their ability to accumulate and translocate DDTs, with the bioconcentration factor (BCF; DDT concentration ratio of the plant tissues to the soils) ranging from 0.014 to 0.25 and the translocation factor (TF; DDT concentration ratio of the shoots to the roots) varying from 0.35 (Zea mays cv Chaotian-23) to 0.76 (Zea mays spp. mexicana). The amount of DDT phytoextraction ranged from 3.89mug (ryegrass) to 27.0mug (teosinte) and accounted for <0.1% of the total initial DDTs spiked in the soils. After 70d, the removal rates reached 47.1-70.3% of the total initial DDTs spiked in the soils with plants while that was only 15.4% in the soils without plant. Moreover, the higher removal rates of DDTs occurred at the first 20d of experiment, and then the removal rate decreased with time. The highest amount of DDTs phytoextracted was observed in teosinte, followed by Zea mays spp. mexicana, but the highest removal rate of DDTs was found in maize (Zea mays cv Jinhai-6). Even though phytoextraction is not the main removal process for DDTs, the plant species especially Zea mays cv Jinhai-6 showed high potential for removing DDTs from the contaminated soils.     

催化氧化法去除烟气中NOx的研究进展

针对烟气中NOx的特点,从催化机理、催化活性和抗硫性能等角度分析了分子筛、活性炭、金属氧化物和贵金属等不同类型催化剂催化氧化NO的特点及存在的问题,指出：在保证NOx氧化度为50%~60%的前提下,降低催化反应的反应温度（低于200℃）和提高催化剂的抗硫性及抗水中毒性仍是今后研究的主攻方向;在活性组分方面应将Mn,Co,Cu,Cr,V等过渡金属氧化物作为研究重点,应选择酸性较强的或不易硫酸盐化的T iO2,S iO2等作为催化剂载体。     

优化QuEChERS结合HPLC测定沉积物中14种多环芳烃

以美国国家标准技术研究院(NIST)2种沉积物标样SRM 1944和SRM 1941b为研究对象,建立并优化了QuEChERS结合HPLC测定沉积物中14种多环芳烃的前处理方法,并与传统索氏提取进行比较。优化后的QuEChERS方法:样品经乙腈浸泡后,超声15 min,漩涡振荡3 min,以NaCl和无水MgSO_4盐析,提取液经PSA净化后经HPLC-FLD测定。该条件下14种PAHs的方法检出限为0.5~5.0μg/kg,SRM 1944和SRM 1941b中PAHs回收率分别为73.4%~104.9%和71.9%~96.4%,相对标准偏差分别为0.47%~3.45%和0.87%~3.05%。索氏提取SRM 1944与1941b回收率分别为78.9%~109.3%和80.9%~108.2%,相对标准偏差分别为1.46%~10.3%和1.27%~10.8%。优化后的QuEChERS回收率与索氏提取较为接近,但具有更高的精密度。将该方法用于实际海洋沉积物提取,PAHs测定值与索氏提取较为接近。优化后的QuEChERS方法满足批量沉积物样品中PAHs的快速测定要求。     

乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律研究

为掌握乌鲁木齐市大气污染时空分布规律,利用近年乌鲁木齐市大气污染物的浓度最新资料,详尽分析了其空气质量的年际变化和空间分布特征。统计了2008年各污染物日、月变化规律。结果表明,近年乌鲁木齐市城区大气污染物质量浓度具有明显时空分布规律,即大气污染物质量浓度冬春季大于夏秋季,PM10和SO2浓度夜间大于白天。在空间分布上,PM10和SO2南部区域最高,中部次之,市区北部最轻,NO2则呈现出由北向南逐渐升高的分布特征。     

噪声背景值修正问题研究

为了解和掌握环境背景噪声对边界噪声监测结果的影响情况,本文就此作了相应的探讨。结果显示：当测量值与背景值的差值超过10dB（A）时,可以忽略背景值对测量结果的影响;当测量值与背景值的差值为3～10dB（A）时,应分段考虑背景值的修正;当测量值与背景值的差值小于3dB（A）时,应重新选择时间进行测定。     

Effects of iodoacetic acid drinking water disinfection byproduct on the gut microbiota and its metabolism in rats

Iodoacetic acid(IAA) is an unregulated disinfection byproduct in drinking water and has been shown to exert cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, tumorigenicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, the effects of IAA on gut microbiota and its metabolism are still unknown, especially the association between gut microbiota and the metabolism and toxicity of IAA. In this study, female and male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to IAA at 0 and 16 mg/kg bw/day daily for 8 weeks by oral gavage....     

脱硫灰-石灰石湿法脱硫石膏中杂质悬浮分离实验

根据脱硫灰及石膏的特性,在无挡板平底圆筒搅拌槽内,对脱硫石膏中的杂质进行完全离底悬浮分离实验,研究结果表明,完全离底悬浮搅拌时,悬浮高度比越低,越有利于杂质分离。对于直径D≥24cm的搅拌槽,当桨叶离底高度cb=4cm,桨径槽比d／D=0．65,杂质分离效率叼最高,约82％;当直径D=20cm时,杂质分离效率η随d／D的增大而增大,桨叶离底间距减小,杂质分离效率受d／D影响程度减小;当桨叶离底高度cb=4cm时,随着搅拌槽直径D的增大,杂质分离效率总体呈现增大趋势,降低桨叶离底高度cb杂质分离效率变化较大;进行完全离底悬浮分离后,石膏纯度提高。     

杂质对白泥-石膏法烟气脱硫传质反应的影响

白泥中含有大量的杂质,如钠、镁、氯及黑色胶状物,在脱硫过程中可能会对二氧化硫的吸收传质过程存在影响。为明确各杂质在脱硫过程中作用,详细考察了上述物质对二氧化硫的吸收传质过程的影响。结果表明,硫酸钠、高浓度硫酸镁均对传质反应具有增强作用;而氯离子、黑色胶状物、低浓度硫酸镁却对传质反应起阻碍作用。实验同时研究了杂质浓度对传质反应的影响,在硫酸镁低浓度范围内K/β-c符合高斯函数形式。     

好氧颗粒污泥系统中丝状菌演替规律及其菌丝缠绕特性分析

为达到固液分离的目的,在SBR中将丝状菌颗粒化.研究发现,反应器中相继出现黄色、黑色和白色3种丝状菌颗粒.3种颗粒中,黑色颗粒和白色颗粒孔隙率基本一致,但黑色颗粒粒径远远大于其他2种颗粒,沉速达最大.对3种颗粒和反应器出水进行了丝状菌菌种鉴定,其中黑色颗粒以真菌为主,白色颗粒以微丝菌为主,黄色颗粒为浮球衣菌和Type0041,出水中除以上菌种外还有其他菌种,如Type0581.研究结果表明:丝状菌以弯曲、分支、不规则生长方式易形成丝状化颗粒;单一丝状菌相互缠绕形成的颗粒的强度高于多种丝状菌所形成的丝状菌颗粒.