Macroporous Ni foam-supported Co3O4 nanobrush and nanomace hybrid arrays for high-efficiency CO oxidation

Herein, we reported the synthesis of well-defined Co_3O_4 nanoarrays(NAs) supported on a monolithic three-dimensional macroporous nickel(Ni) foam substrate for use in highefficiency CO oxidation. The monolithic Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts were obtained through a generic hydrothermal synthesis route with subsequent calcination. By controlling the reaction time,solvent polarity and deposition agent, these Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts exhibited various novel morphologies(single or hybrid arrays), whose physicochemical properties were further characterized by using several analytical techniques. Based on the catalytic and characterization analyses, it was found that the Co_3O_4 NAs-6 catalyst with nanobrush and nanomace arrays displayed enhanced catalytic activity for CO oxidation, achieving an efficient 100% CO oxidation conversion at a gas hourly space velocity(GHSV) 10,000 hr~(-1) and 150°C with longterm stability. Compared with the other Co_3O_4 NAs catalysts, it had the highest abundance of surface-adsorbed oxygen species, excellent low-temperature reducibility and was rich in surface-active sites(Co~(3+)/Co~(2+)= 1.26).     

1~3 nm颗粒物在粒径分布测量仪中的通过效率研究

基于二甘醇的扫描电迁移率粒径谱仪(DEG-SMPS)是常用的1～3 nm颗粒物粒径分布测量系统.目前对1～3 nm颗粒物在该系统中通过效率的量化不够准确,这给大气颗粒物粒径分布的测量带来了较大的不确定性.本文研究了1～3 nm颗粒物和离子在直管、弯管以及气溶胶中和器等系统组件中的通过效率,并使用等效管长法来量化颗粒物在这些组件单元中的通过效率.研究表明,1～3 nm颗粒物在直管内的通过效率不受颗粒物电性影响,且可以由Gormley-Kennedy (G-K)方程估算.当采样流量为2.5 L·min~(-1)时,DEG-SMPS系统中总等效管长约为433 cm,其中气溶胶中和器的等效管长为160 cm,弯头的等效管长为33 cm.     

Profiles and removal efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by two different types of sewage treatment plants in Hong Kong

Sewage discharge could be a major source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in the coastal waters. Stonecutters Island and Shatin Sewage Treatment Works(SCISTW and STSTW)in Hong Kong, adopted chemically enhanced primary treatment and biological treatment,respectively. This study aimed at(1) determining the removal efficiencies of PAHs,(2) comparing the capabilities in removing PAHs, and(3) characterizing the profile of each individual PAHs, in the two sewage treatment plants(STPs). Quantification of 16 PAHs was conducted by a Gas Chromatography. The concentrations of total PAHs decreased gradually along the treatment processes(from 301 ± 255 and 307 ± 217 ng/L to 14.9 ± 12.1 and 63.3 ± 54.1 ng/L in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively). It was noted that STSTW was more capable in removing total PAHs than SCISTW with average total removal efficiency 94.4% ± 4.12% vs. 79.2% ± 7.48%(p 0.05). The removal of PAHs was probably due to sorption in particular matter, confirmed by the higher distribution coefficient of individual and total PAHs in solid samples(dewatered sludge contained92.5% and 74.7% of total PAHs in SCISTW and STSTW, respectively) than liquid samples(final effluent-total contained 7.53% and 25.3% of total PAHs in STSTW and SCISTW, respectively).Despite the impressive capability of STSTW and SCISTW in removing PAHs, there was still a considerable amount of total PAHs(1.85 and 39.3 kg/year, respectively for the two STPs) being discharged into Hong Kong coastal waters, which would be an environmental concern.     

Determination of time- and size-dependent fine particle emission with varied oil heating in an experimental kitchen

Particulate matter(PM) from cooking has caused seriously indoor air pollutant and aroused risk to human health.It is urged to get deep knowledge of their spatial-temporal distribution of source emission characteristics,especially ultrafine particles(UFP 100 nm) and accumulation mode particles(AMP 100-555 nm).Four commercial cooking oils are auto dipped water to simulate cooking fume under heating to 255℃ to investigate PM emission and decay features between 0.03 and 10 μm size dimension by electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) without ventilation.Rapeseed and sunflower produced high PM_(2.5) around5.1 mg/m~3,in comparison with those of soybean and corn(5.87 and 4.55 mg/m~3,respectively)at peak emission time between 340 and 450 sec since heating oil,but with the same level of particle numbers 6-9 × 10~5/cm~3.Mean values of PM_(1.0)/PM_(2.5) and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) at peak emission time are around 0.51-0.55 and 0.23-0.29.After 15 min naturally deposition,decay rates of PM_(1.0),PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) are 13.3%-29.8%,20.1%-33.9%and 41.2%-54.7%,which manifest that PM_(1.0) is quite hard to decay than larger particles,PM_(2.5) and PM_(1.0).The majority of the particle emission locates at 43 nm with the largest decay rate at 75%,and shifts to a larger size between137 and 555 nm after 15 min decay.The decay rates of the particles are sensitive to the oil type.     

规划环境影响评价的发展机遇与挑战

《环境影响评价法》的出台，为我国规划环境影响评价提供了新的发展机遇，同时也对传统项目环境影响评价和规划环境影响评价的发展提出了严峻的挑战。为促进《环境影响、平价法》的实施，笔者认为充分认识项目环境影响评价的局限性，加强规划环境影响评价的理论创新研究和实践，是当前应着手准备解决的问题。本文在分析传统环境影响评价局限性的基础上，研究了规划环境影响评价的发展机遇和挑战，以期能对国内规划环境影响评价工作的开展提供一些参考。     

二维时变的积云化学模式

将一组化学模式和二维时变云模式相结合,研究了随同云和雨的发展,云水和雨水中pH值和[SO_4~(2-)]的演变情况以及SO_2,NH_3,尘,O_3和H_2O_2等大气污染物的净化过程.     

新疆土壤盐渍化成因及其防治对策研究

论述了新疆土壤盐渍化形成的地质、地貌、土壤质地和人为灌溉方式不合理等原因,说明土壤盐渍化是一种自然现象。通过调查,目前新疆盐渍化土壤主要有稳定脱盐型、脱盐聚盐混合型、脱盐聚盐反复型、持续聚盐型和灌溉聚盐型,其中脱盐聚盐混合型和脱盐聚盐反复型分布最为广泛,稳定脱盐型仅分布于竖井排灌区。总结了新疆土壤盐渍化的治理研究过程及国内外防治土壤盐渍化的措施,提出了竖井排灌工程是防治新疆土壤盐渍化最有效的措施。通过工程实例,证明了竖井排灌具有降低地下水位和灌溉作用,且经济效益明显。     

土壤污染研究现状与趋势

简要介绍了土壤污染研究领域的主要内容 ,归纳了土壤污染研究中一些主要方法。结合土壤污染发展特点 ,对今后土壤污染研究的重点方向作了一般性探讨。     

生长温度对盾叶薯蓣POD活性等生理特性的影响

研究了15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃五个不同温度条件下盾叶薯蓣一些生理参数的变化.结果显示,盾叶薯蓣叶片的POD活性和MDA含量的变化呈V字形,其中在25℃时处于最低点;可溶性蛋白含量的变化呈M字形,可溶糖含量的变化呈W字形.在15℃、20℃、30℃和35℃下, 5d内,随着时间的延长,MDA含量增加,POD活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量下降;在25℃下,盾叶薯蓣的POD活性以及MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量变化较小,相对稳定,所以25℃是最为适宜的生长温度. 图1表1参20     

Development of a PCR strategy for thraustochytrid identification based on 18S rDNA sequence

The identification and characterization of the thraustochytrids, an emerging economically and biotechnologically important group of marine heterotrophic protists, is usually based on morphological characters. In this research we used molecular markers to identify thraustochytrids. We designed three sets of primers based on the 18S rDNA sequence alignment of known strains and employed a PCR (polymerase chain reaction) strategy to identify unknown thraustochytrid isolates. DNA from 26 thraustochytrids (three isolated from primary cell cultures of the tunicate Botryllus schlosseri and 23 from a coral holding aquarium) were amplified by these primers, revealing 21 isolates with three bands each, which were assigned to two groups according to PCR fragment sizes. Taxonomic characterizations were deduced by comparing with GenBank data. Four isolates were further studied by sequencing their 18S rDNA. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates from the coral aquarium (7-5 and 8-7) were highly similar to each other and 95.0-97.0% similar to Thraustochytrium multirudimentale and Schizochytrium minutum. Isolates from the tunicate primary cell cultures (BS1 and BS2) were also closely related to each other and 84.3-86.0% similar to labyrinthulid quahog parasite and Thraustochytrium pachydermum. AFLP (amplified fragment-length polymorphism) analysis revealed 2.5-3.6% differences within the genomic DNA of each group, showing that each isolate is different, although isolates within each group may belong to the same species, in spite of differences found in the general morphology.