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371.
Fluorescent lamps rely on mercury as the source of ultraviolet radiation for the production of visible light. Partitioning of mercury among vapor phase, loose phosphor powders produced during breaking and washing steps, glass matrices, phosphor powders attached on the glass and aluminum end caps was examined from simulated laboratory lamp recycling tests for different types of spent and new fluorescent lamps. Mercury concentrations in lamp glasses taken from commercial lamp recyclers were also analyzed for comparison with the simulated results of spent and new lamps of different types. The mercury content of the glass from spent lamps was highly variable depending on the lamp type and manufacturer; the median values of the mercury concentration in glasses for spent 26- (T8) and 38-mm (T12) diameter fluorescent lamps were approximately 30 and 45 microg/g, respectively. The average mercury concentration of samples taken from recycler A was 29.6 microg/g, which was about 64% of median value measured from the spent T12 lamps. Over 94% of total mercury in lamps remained either as a component of phosphor powders attached inside the lamp or in glass matrices. New T12 lamps had a higher partitioning percentage of elemental mercury in the vapor phase (0.17%) than spent T12 lamps (0.04%), while spent lamps had higher partitioning percentages of mercury resided on end-caps and phosphor powders detached from the breaking and washing steps. The TCLP values of simulated all lamp-glasses and samples obtained from recyclers were higher than the limit of LDR standard (0.025 mg/L). After investigating acid treatment and high temperature treatment as mercury reclamation techniques, it was found that heating provided the most effective mercury capture. Although the initial mercury concentrations of individual sample were different, the mercury concentrations after 1 h exposure at 100 degrees C were below 4 mug/g for all samples (i.e., <1% remaining). Therefore, it is recommended that heating be used for recovering mercury from spent fluorescent lamps. 相似文献
372.
金属离子协同马尾藻对水中偶氮染料分子脱色的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了多种金属离子对海藻处理不同结构的偶氮染料分子的影响,结果表明,金属离子的种类及浓度对海藻处理偶所染料都有重要的作用,偶氮染料的分子量和结构也影响该体系的脱色效果。适当浓度的金属离子和海藻的体系比单独海藻处理偶氮染料的脱色速度快,脱色率高。同时探讨了该体系处理不同结构染料分子的脱色差异。 相似文献
373.
374.
实验采用Fenton反应-中和-厌氧菌法处理某高盐度工业废水,考察了各因素对COD去除率的影响。实验结果表明,Fenton反应处理该工业废水的最佳条件是:n(H2O2):n(COD)=2:1,n(H2O2):n(Fe2+)=4:1,pH=3,反应时间采用120 min。Fenton处理后废水COD由24 230 mg/L下降到13 020 mg/L,去除率达到46.26%;所得反应液用Ca(OH)2中和沉淀后COD值降低到11 060 mg/L,去除率为15.05%;最后废水经稀释后进行厌氧菌降解处理,COD为1 625 mg/L的废水经厌氧菌6天处理后降为466 mg/L,去除率为71.32%,达到GB8978-1996中规定的COD三级排放标准。 相似文献
375.
对某采油厂聚合物驱油先导试验项目进行了职业卫生调查,以明确有害因素存在的岗位部位、种类、危害程度,并对职业病危害控制措施及效果进行调查分析。 相似文献
376.
Influence of moderate pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing activated carbon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A novel adsorbent based on iron oxide dispersed over activated carbon(AC) were prepared, and used for phosphate removal from aqueous solutions. The influence of pre-oxidation treatment on the physical, chemical and phosphate adsorption properties of iron-containing AC were determined. Two series of ACs, non-oxidized and oxidized carbon modified by iron(denoted as AC-Fe and AC/OFe), resulted in a maximum impregnated iron of 4.03% and 7.56%, respectively. AC/O-Fe showed 34.0%–46.6% higher phosphate removal efficiency than the AC-Fe did. This was first attributed to the moderate pre-oxidation of raw AC by nitric acid, achieved by dosing Fe(II) after a pre-oxidation, to obtain higher iron loading, which is favorable for phosphate adsorption. Additionally, the in-situ formed active site on the surface of carbon, which was derived from the oxidation of Fe(II) by nitric acid dominated the remarkably high efficiency with respect to the removal of phosphate. The activation energy for adsorption was calculated to be 10.53 and 18.88 kJ/mol for AC-Fe and AC/OFe, respectively. The results showed that the surface mass transfer and intra-particle diffusion were simultaneously occurring during the process and contribute to the adsorption mechanism. 相似文献
377.
378.
固体水造林效果试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了达拉特旗固体水试验区固体水对土壤含水量、造林成活率、保存率和树木生长情况的影响及效果。结果表明,在鄂尔多斯干旱半干旱地区施用固体水,可以明显地改善土壤水分状况,施用固体水的三个树种的土壤含水量均比对照有不同程度的提高。尤其放置固体水的30-40cm土层,即植物根系的主要分布层的土壤含水量明显高于对照,与对照相比提高1.4%-3.6%;固体水处理对柠条、沙柳、杨树成活和保存均有明显的作用,与对照相比,分别提高了14.6%、19.6%、10.5%和14.2%、24.3%和13.5%;固体水对沙柳、杨树的植株生长也均有明显的促进作用,尤其生物量达到了对照的3倍左右。 相似文献
379.
莫伟均何用王建平何贞俊杨聿 《应用与环境生物学报》2022,(6):1622-1628
To explore the current situation and distribution of fish in the eight major estuaries of the Pearl River Estuary in China, acoustic detection and water quality monitoring were conducted in 2018. The results showed that almost living in eight major estuaries were juvenile, the proportion of strong echo was higher in winter, and Jiaomen and Modaomen Estuary were relatively rich in adult fish. In winter, the Humen, Jiaomen, and Yamen Estuary had a high density relatively, for 46.05 (± 50.30), 33.12 (± 93), and 32 (± 78) ind/103 m3, respectively. However, the fish densities of the Hengmen, Modaomen, and Hutiaomen estuaries were higher in summer at 55.72 (± 83.23), 37.52 (± 55) and 36 (± 99) ind/103 m3, respectively. Thus, fish are mainly concentrated in the flood tidal estuary in winter and in the ebb tidal estuary in summer. In addition, fish density was higher in flood tide than in ebb tide, and the strong echo proportion was lower. In winter, the key water quality factors affecting the biodiversity of estuary fish Shannon were chlorophyll a (P < 0.05), while what affected the fish density were turbidity and salinity (P < 0.05). This study showed that the Pearl River estuary was still the main habitat for juvenile fish. However, habitat variability is obvious; hence, it is important to flexibly carry out the delimitation of estuarine fish reserves and ecological restoration. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved. 相似文献
380.