航电电源板层间CAF短路失效机理及退化时间分析

目的 掌握CAF失效机理MTTF分析方法,以便于在实际案例中实施工程优化决策,从而降低故障危害风险和寿命周期总费用。方法 以某航电电源母板CAF失效为例,基于CAF失效机理的物理化学变化时间特性模型算法,建立电压、介质间距和MTTF变化关系,以辅助工程优化决策。结果 基于仿真计算数据,形成对特定范围产品的改进和处置决策,从而限制失效危害风险的进一步扩散,降低了产品生命周期维护费用,并提升了客户满意度。结论 掌握装备常见失效机理和采取适宜的应对措施,是持续改进装备可用性、可靠性和环境适应性的必要条件。     

单甲脒等农药的土壤薄层层析行为

用土壤薄层层析法研究单甲脒，单甲脒盐酸盐、灭幼脲和涕灭威等农药在不同土壤中的迁移行为，分别获得了这几种化合物的Ｒｆ值，它们分别为０．１４、０．１７，０．０８，０．７６，研究表明，单脒，单甲脒盐酸盐和灭幼脲不会污染地下水，而涕灭威则会对地下水污染构成严重的威胁。     

Short-term responses of Oryzias latipes (Pisces: Adrianichthyidae) and Macrobrachium nipponense (Crustacea: Palaemonidae) to municipal and pharmaceutical waste water in Beijing, China: survival, behaviour, biochemical biomarkers

Whole effluent toxicity was assessed for the fish Oryzias latipes and the prawn Macrobrachium nipponense for 18 h in a dilution series (0-66%) of the inflow and effluent of a municipal waste water treatment plant as well as waste water from a teramycin producing pharmaceutical industry, before, during and after a pilot laboratory purification process. The waste waters caused acute toxicity as measured by inhibition of light emission in the luminiscent bacterium Vibrio qingaiensis sp. nov. (Q67). EROD and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in in vitro carp liver-cells showed a dose-dependent toxic response to the municipal waste water. Behavioural responses and time-to-death of fish and prawn, recorded online with the "Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor" proved to be concentration- and time-dependent sensitive toxicity indicators in both types of waste water. Behaviour changed stepwise from normal activity to (increased or decreased) activity to more time spent on ventilation and finally to increased morbidity at higher concentration and time of exposure. The municipal waste water treatment plant managed to reduce toxicity to bacteria (Q67), prawn and fish. The pharmaceutical waste water treatment process still has to be improved, in order to reduce toxicity for fish and prawn.     

DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术

本文报道用植草方法研究为DDT及其主要降解产物污染土壤的植物修复技术。在污染物的浓度为 0 .2 15mg/kg的土壤中 ,种植 10种草 3个月后DDT及其主要降解产物的总含量分别降低 19.6 %— 73.0 %。种植不同品种的草对土壤中污染物有不同的去除能力 ,其中以种植丹麦产的Taya草 (Per .ryegrass)与美国产的Titan草 (Tallfescue)为最强。用种植草的方法修复受DDT及其主要降解产物污染的土壤是一项可行的技术。在去除土壤中DDT的作用上 ,草的吸收是轻微的 ,只占原施药量的 0 .13%— 1.0 8% ,土壤中污染物消失的主要因素是土壤中生物降解作用的结果。     

Polar organic tracers in PM2.5 aerosols from an inland background area in Southwest China: Correlations between secondary organic aerosol tracers and source apportionment

PM_(2.5) aerosol samples were collected over 12 hr and 24 hr intervals in an inland background area, Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve(hereafter shortened to Gongga), during the summer of 2011. Polar organic tracers, inorganic ions and meteorological data were measured. The purpose of this work was to investigate the variation patterns, formation and sources of the secondary organic aerosol tracers in the studied atmosphere. The average concentrations of isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, β-caryophyllinic acid, sugars, sugar alcohols and anhydrosugars were 88.6 ± 106.1, 3.6 ± 5.7,0.13 ± 0.30, 13.6 ± 13.1, 31.9 ± 31.4 and 14.8 ± 10.7 ng/m3 respectively in all aerosol samples.The aged α-pinene second organic aerosol(SOA) tracers(i.e., 3-hydroxyglutraric acid(3 HGA), 3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylglutaric acid(HDMGA), 3-acetylpentandioic acid(APDA) and 3-methyl-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylic acid(MBTCA)) correlated significantly with each other in the 24 hr PM2.5 aerosol samples, indicating that OH· is the major factor controlling the formation of these α-pinene SOA tracers. Using the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model and the tracer-based source apportionment method, we calculated that isoprene oxidation products, α-pinene oxidation products, sesquiterpene oxidation products, biomass burning, fungi spores and anthropogenic SOA accounted for 21.9% ± 5.5%, 8.4% ± 2.1%, 3.0% ± 0.7%, 5.2% ± 5.3%, 5.0% ± 6.2% and 31.4% ± 7.8% of organic carbon respectively during the sampling period.     

2006年就业市场环境分析

2005年就业市场的运行特点 2005年三季度完成全年就业和再就业工作目标任务的90%和78% 2005年1月至9月,全国实现新增城镇就业人员810万人,达到全年目标任务（900万）的90%,下岗失业人员再就业390万人,达到全年目标任务（500万人）的78%（数据来源于劳动保障部2005年三季度新闻发布材料）.其中,帮助“4050”人员再就业88万人,达到全年目标任务（100万人）的88%.三季度末,全国共有城镇登记失业人员835万人,城镇登记失业率4.2%,与上年底持平.     

湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力评价

以城市应急管理能力及其内涵为基础,运用层次分析法,对湖南长株潭城市群灾害应急管理能力进行综合评价.结果表明:①从时间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力综合评分值由2005年的5.67、3.66、3.34分别增加到2006年的5.82、4.20、3.98,说明长株潭灾害应急管理能力均有所增强,这是因为应急管理能力是随城市社会经济的发展而增强的;②从空间上看,长株潭灾害应急管理能力存在一定的区域差异;③从整体上看,长株潭的灾害应急管理能力排名为长沙市＞株洲市＞湘潭市,其主要是由城市化水平及经济实力的差异所致.     

基于生命周期评价法的条斑紫菜养殖加工产业碳足迹分析

应用生命周期评价法（LCA）对条斑紫菜养殖加工行业进行了全周期的碳足迹分析，明确了各环节中碳排放源的种类和数量。结果表明，100亩条斑紫菜养殖加工过程中碳排放总量为1.25×10⁵~2.47×10⁵ kg CO₂，远高于条斑紫菜100亩养殖形成的可移出碳汇量（9.43×10³ kg CO₂）。基于全产业链的分析，条斑紫菜产业尚不是一个碳汇产业。养殖阶段碳排放量最大，排放源主要来自石油化工材料的大量使用。二次加工阶段碳排放量仅次于养殖阶段，排放源主要来自纸壳包装和塑料包装的大量使用。在一次加工阶段，热源的使用是影响该阶段碳排放的主要影响因素，生物质燃料是碳排放量最低的热源形式。     

有机酸强化废大理石粉脱硫的传质研究

在双搅拌釜上进行了3种有机酸强化废大理石粉浆液脱硫的传质实验研究,测定了脱硫效率η、传质速率Nm、液膜传质系数KL、气相总传质系数KG和浆液pH值等随时间t的变化关系,结果表明己二酸强化可提高传质速率约35%,有效促进了CaCO3的溶解和缓冲pH值的下降.同时,考察了己二酸添加量的变化和气、液两相浓度的改变对传质的影响,结果表明己二酸添加浓度在10mmol/L时强化效果最好;进气SO2体积分率小于1000×10-6时为完全气膜控制;液相浓度的改变对气相总传质系数KG影响不大.     

代森锌杀菌剂在西红柿、茄子和土壤中的残留动态

代森类[Ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate)]农药本身毒性低,如代森锌的大鼠口服半致死量LD_(50)为5200mg/kg,因此多被用于水果、蔬菜以及中药植物的病害防护上,然而,六十年代末期,人们发现这类农药的主要降解产物乙撑硫脲(Ethylenethiourea)对大鼠具有致癌、致畸和致突变效应,人们还发现,在食品加工过程中,食用植物中所含的代森类农药残留物,会因受热而转化成毒性高