全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1007篇 |
免费 | 51篇 |
国内免费 | 342篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 49篇 |
废物处理 | 62篇 |
环保管理 | 63篇 |
综合类 | 578篇 |
基础理论 | 197篇 |
污染及防治 | 335篇 |
评价与监测 | 53篇 |
社会与环境 | 36篇 |
灾害及防治 | 27篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 59篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 25篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 55篇 |
2016年 | 47篇 |
2015年 | 44篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 104篇 |
2012年 | 96篇 |
2011年 | 76篇 |
2010年 | 56篇 |
2009年 | 69篇 |
2008年 | 88篇 |
2007年 | 59篇 |
2006年 | 72篇 |
2005年 | 28篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 31篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 27篇 |
1999年 | 36篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 19篇 |
1995年 | 25篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 19篇 |
1991年 | 10篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1400条查询结果,搜索用时 218 毫秒
461.
Surface sediments collected from nine urban rivers located in Zhongshan City, Pearl River Delta, were analyzed for total concentration of metals with digestion and chemical fractionation adopting the modified European Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure. The results showed that concentration and fractionation of metals varied significantly among the rivers. The total concentration of eight metals in most rivers did not exceed the China Environmental Quality Standard for Soil, Grade III. The potential ecological risk of metals to rivers were related to the land use patterns, in the order of manufacturing areas > residential areas > agriculture areas. The concentration of Pb in the reducible fraction was relatively high (60.0-84.3%). The dominant proportions of Cd, Zn and Cu were primary in the non-residual fraction (67.0%, 71.8% and 81.4% on average respectively), while the percentages of the residual fractions of Cr and Ni varied over a wide range (43-85% and 24-71% respectively). The approaches of the H?kanson ecological risk index and Secondary Phase Enrichment Factor were applied for ecological risk assessment and metal enrichment calculation. The results indicated Hg and Cd had posed high potential ecological risk to urban rivers in this region. Meanwhile, there was widespread pollution and high enrichment of Cu in river sediments in this region. Multiple regression analysis showed that five water quality parameters (pH, DO, COD(Mn), NH(4)(+)-N, TP) had little influence on the distribution of metal fractionation. This result revealed that the ecological risk of metals was not eliminated along with the improvement in water quality. Correlation studies showed that among the metals, Group A (Cd, As, Pb, Zn Hg, r = 0.730-0.924) and Group B (Cr, Cu, Ni, r = 0.815-0.948) were obtained, and the metal contaminations were from industrial activities rather than residential. 相似文献
462.
Ren M Zhou L Peng P Chen de Y Cai Y 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2880-2885
The atmospheric deposition of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) was investigated at four locations in different suburban and urban functional districts of Guangzhou City. The annual deposition fluxes of total PBDD/Fs (eight 2,3,7,8-substituted tetra- to hexa-BDD/Fs) were in the range of 36-51 (mean 46) pg m(-2) day(-1), and the corresponding TEQ fluxes were estimated to range between 7.9 and 11.3 (mean 10.3) pg I-TEQ m(-2) day(-1), indicating a noticeable pollution level. The deposition fluxes of PBDD/Fs during the wet season were 2-4 times as high as those during the dry season. Both rainfall and temperature positively correlated with PBDD/F deposition fluxes. Ambient gas/particle partition coefficients (K(p)) were predicted with SPARC. It appears seasonal variations of PBDD/F deposition fluxes were influenced by meteorological parameters and the local usage of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). The congener profiles of PBDD/Fs at four locations were similar either spatially or temporally, indicating that the main PBDD/F emission sources were similar to one another. Seasonal variations and congener patterns of PBDD/Fs indicated the possible sources included electronic waste recycling, industrial waste incinerators and products containing BFRs. 相似文献
463.
Yang F Shen R Long Y Sun X Tang F Cai Q Yao S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):440-445
Magnetic microsphere confined ionic liquid was synthesized by covalently bonding N-methylimidazolium on magnetic microspheres. The functionalized magnetic microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The prepared material was used for the preconcentration of three chlorophenols (CPs) in water combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Several conditions that probably affected the extraction efficiency such as standing time, eluent and its volume, sample pH and volume, were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, good recoveries (70.3-88.8%) were achieved with satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 6.0%. The limits of detection for the three CPs were 0.20-0.35 μg L(-1). The results indicated that the ionic liquid-functionalized magnetic microspheres show significant promise for the analysis of CPs in environmental samples. 相似文献
464.
Cai GH Mälarstig B Kumlin A Johansson I Janson C Norbäck D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(7):2018-2024
Pet allergens and mold growth related to damp are common phenomena in day care centers in Sweden but exposure measurements of these factors are lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between building construction and indoor environment quality in Swedish day care centers and the potential for exposure to fungi (analyzed by quantitative PCR) and animal allergens (analyzed by ELISA). Measurements were performed in 21 day care centers (103 rooms) from one municipality in Sweden, which were identified as constructions at risk of dampness (85% of the buildings) and with visible damage and mold growth (54% of the buildings). Dust samples were collected using cotton swab and Petri dishes. Total fungal DNA was detected in 99% and 100%, Aspergillus/Penicillium DNA in 54% and 68%, and Stachybotrys chartarum DNA in 4% and 9% of the investigated rooms in cotton swab and Petri dish samples, respectively. The total fungal DNA levels (Geometric Mean, GM) were 4.2 × 10(6) cell equivalents per m(2) and 2.9 × 10(5) cell equivalents per m(2) per day in the swab and Petri dish samples, respectively. The concentrations (GM) of cat (Fel d1), dog (Can f1), and horse (Equ cx) allergens were 9.4, 7.2 ng m(-2) day(-1), and 5.0 unit per m(2) per day, respectively. Total fungal DNA levels were higher in risk construction buildings (p = 0.01), in rooms with linoleum flooring material (p = 0.003), and in buildings with rotating heat exchangers (p = 0.02). There were associations between total fungal DNA levels and cat (p = 0.02), dog (p < 0.001), and horse (p = 0.001) allergens. In conclusion, risk constructions, damp constructions, mould growth, fungal DNA, and animal allergens were common exposure factors in Swedish day care centers. Building constructions that represent a high risk for internal dampness should be avoided in the future, and measures to reduce allergen levels should be considered to protect pet-allergic children from asthmatic problems. 相似文献
465.
466.
Baoping Cai Yonghong Liu Yunwei Zhang Qian Fan Zengkai Liu Xiaojie Tian 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2013,26(4):639-649
An application of dynamic Bayesian networks for quantitative risk assessment of human factors on offshore blowouts is presented. Human error is described using human factor barrier failure (HFBF), which consists of three categories of factors, including individual factor barrier failure (IFBF), organizational factor barrier failure (OFBF) and group factor barrier failure (GFBF). The structure of human factors is illustrated using pseudo-fault tree, which is defined by incorporating the intermediate options into fault tree in order to eliminate the binary restriction. A methodology of translating pseudo-fault tree into Bayesian networks and dynamic Bayesian networks taking repair into consideration is proposed and the propagation is performed. The results show that the human factor barrier failure probability only increases within the first two weeks and rapidly reaches a stable level when the repair is considered, whereas it increases continuously when the repair action is not considered. The results of mutual information show that the important degree sequences for the three categories of human factors on HFBF are: GFBF, OFBF and IFBF. In addition, each individual human factor contributes different to the HFBF, those which contribute much should given more attention in order to improve the human reliability and prevent the potential accident occurring. 相似文献
467.
Liding Chen Lei Yang Wei Wei Ziting Wang Baoru Mo Guojun Cai 《Environmental management》2013,51(1):126-137
The Chinese government initiated a massive conservation program called “Grain-for-Green” in 1999 to reduce soil erosion and improve ecosystem function. Implementing practical sustainable development in the loess plateau still remains problematic, particularly in its eco-fragile areas. Here we discussed an approach for sustainable development at the watershed scale by integrating land use suitability, ecosystem services and public participation in the loess hilly area. We linked land use scenario analysis and economic modeling to compare the outcomes of three scenarios, CLU (Current Land Use), GOLU (Grain-production Oriented Land Use) and PSLU (Potential Sustainable Land Use). The results indicated that compared to PSLU, GOLU may provide a higher economic productivity in the short-term, but not in the long-term. CLU ranked lowest in terms of economic benefits and did not meet the daily needs of the local farmers. To reconcile the land use adjustments with farmers’ basic needs, a labor-saving land use strategy is necessary. Since the PSLU scenario assumes that slope cropland should be converted to pastures or orchards, more time may be available for off-farm work and for more public participation in integrated ecosystem management. Financial support to the local farmers for environmental conservation should be modulated in function of their positive contribution to ecosystem management. 相似文献
468.
本文提出了一个可进行择优决策的GM(1、1)优化模型。这个模型使原序列的内含信息得到充分开发利用,较好地解决了大样本序列用GM(1、1)建模的问题。实例证明:通过择优指数C_i择取的、以a、u参数外延得到的优化模型,抓住了原序列的主要变化规律,是一个平稳的、具有一定预测能力的模型。 相似文献
469.
The phenol and m-cresol biodegradations were studied using the mutant strain CTM 2 obtained by the He-Ne laser irradiation on wild-type Candida tropicalis. The results showed that C. tropicalis exhibited the increased capacity of phenolic compounds degradation after laser irradiation. It could degrade 2600 mg/L phenol and 300 mg/L m-cresol by 5% inoculum concentration, respectively. In the dual-substrate biodegradation system, 0-500 mg/L phenol could accelerate m-cresol biodegradation, and 300 mg/L m-cresol could be completely utilized within 46 hr at the presence of 350 mg/L phenol. Besides, the maximum biodegradation of m-cresol could reach 350 mg/L with 80 mg/L phenol within 61 hr. Obviously, phenol, as a growth substrate, could promote CTM 2 to degrade m-cresol, and was always preferentially utilized as carbon source. Comparatively, low-concentration m-cresol could result in a great inhibition on phenol degradation. In addition, the kinetic behaviors of cell growth and substrate biodegradation were described by kinetic model proposed in our laboratory. 相似文献
470.
蔡永亮 《安全.健康和环境》2008,8(6):24-26
介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司济南分公司采用双膜法处理炼油达标污水回用于锅炉的中试及应用情况,提出了工艺设计及运行中可以采用的几项节能减排措施. 相似文献