废旧电路板制备的酚醛树脂的研究

废旧电路板中的树脂与碳酸钙共同加热,获得气体、固体和热解油3种热解产物.以电路板的热解油为原料、以热解过程中产生的氨气为催化剂,可以合成醇溶性热解油酚醛树脂,经分析测试表明,其组成、结构和固化特征与常规工业生产的氨催化酚醛树脂的性能相近,主要性能指标:粘度、游离酚浓度和胶合强度等均可达到醇溶性酚醛树脂产品的质量要求.     

超声强化Fe0去除阳离子红GTL的研究

采用US/Fe⁰系统去除阳离子红GTL,考察了pH值、Fe⁰用量、超声功率及活性炭、H₂O₂、盐分添加对阳离子红GTL去除率的影响,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱变化查明阳离子红GTL在不同条件下的去除差异性,利用SEM解析铁的形态与染料去除的相关性。结果表明： pH≥5.0时超声和Fe⁰具有协同效应,Fe⁰用量2 g/L,pH=7.0,超声功率135 W,阳离子红GTL去除率达到96.07%;一定量的活性炭、H₂O₂、盐分添加会加速染料去除,US加速Fe⁰反应速度,但不改变染料降解机理,添加活性炭能够彻底降解阳离子红GTL,添加H₂O₂提供的氧化环境抑制苯胺类化合物生成;铁的形态及与染料的接触是影响染料去除效果的重要原因。     

三相流化床中混合载体的协同作用

在侧边沉降的三相气提升流化床反应器中使用粗粒焦炭和细粒石英砂混合构成载体来处理废水具有良好的协同作用。处理焦化废水的实验表明,与单一载体相比,混合载体不易流失;ＣＯＤ容积负荷高达１１ｋｇ／（ｄ·ｍ３）;对酚氰等有害物质的耐冲击能力好;高负荷运行时酚和氰的出水浓度仅为单一载体的１／５－１／３;使用混合型载体还有利于挂膜和降低曝气能耗。     

城市污泥及其堆肥施用对通菜中有机污染物的累积效应

在水稻土上施用城市污泥及其堆肥盆栽通菜,应用GC／MS联机检测技术对植株中8类共44种有机污染物进行系统分析。结果表明,通菜中检出28种有机化合物,主要是邻苯二甲酸酯类、硝基苯类和多环芳烃类化合物。各类污染物均以个别或少数化合物为主,其它化合物的含量低得多或未检出。施用污泥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较高,是空白对照的数倍至数10倍,而施用各种污泥堆肥的通菜中有机污染物的含量普遍较低,甚至低于空白对照,尤其是施用污泥加牛粪堆肥的通菜中仅检出1种化合物。因此,污泥直接施用可能导致作物中有机污染物的吸收累积,需经适当的堆肥处理后施用才较为安全。     

大区域环境噪声评价模型NEM的构建及应用

提出一种适用于大区域噪声评价的模型——NEM模型,该模型综合考虑暴露人群和声环境功能区差异,并根据城市声环境质量标准及噪声对人体健康的影响程度进行了分级表征。文章运用该模型对广州市噪声状况进行评价,同时将评价结果分别与NPI法和NII法的评价结果进行对比。对比结果表明:NEM模型用于大区域环境噪声评价科学合理,结论可靠。     

Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models

Simulation of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects. In this work, an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan, China to study impacts of chronic PM_2.5 exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout (Sirt3 KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM_2.5. The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving increased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure. Meanwhile, 15-week of real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice. Additionally, the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred. The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM_2.5. These results indicated that the real-ambient PM_2.5 exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for supporting the investigations of PM_2.5 effects on other types of rodent models.     

Efficiency of active barriers attaching biofilm as sediment capping to eliminate the internal nitrogen in eutrophic lake and canal

Three active barrier materials (zeolite, ceramicite and light porous media) were applied for preventing nitrogen (N) release from eutrophic lake sediments. Long term experiment of two di erent lake sediments were carried out and the e ect of zeolite dose was evaluated. The results indicated that about 90%–100% of total N in overlying water was eliminated by using zeolite. While the N removal e ciency by ceramic was lower than that by zeolite, and light porous media present the lowest e ciency of 59%. Long term sediment incubation experiments indicated that two eutrophic sediments were both e ective in preventing N release in spite of di erent release characteristics. Bio-zeolite capping technology was able to e ectively inhibit the release of N from the sediment, and the zeolite dose was independently from N removal.     

热能喷雾处理反渗透浓盐水的实验研究

目前,反渗透废水中,高浓度的含盐量会对环境带来严重危害。本研究运用热能喷雾处理反渗透浓盐水技术,对反渗透（Reverse Osmosis,RO）出水进行处理。结果表明,该技术在热量值为4.8×106 kcal、空气流量为60 m3／h的条件下,处理效率达到了90％以上。产出的冷凝水的水质符合饮用水的相关标准;在处理量为10 L／h～12 L／h时,可达到废水零排放的效果;在处理量大于12 L／h时,排出的废水总溶解物（ Total dissolved sol-ids,TDS）很高。     

基于不同酸体系的三种消解方法结合石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定近海沉积物与生物体中的铅

以近海海洋沉积物及生物体标准物质为样品,采用王木、逆王水及混合酸体系结合湿式消解、高压微波消解、常压微波消解等三种方法消解样品,以石墨炉原子吸收法测定样品中的Pb.样品经三种方法消解后,pb元素的回收率分别为98%～105%、92%～106%和11%～42.4%.湿式消解法被用于大亚湾沉积物和牡蛎样品的处理,有较好的测定结果.     

季节性冻融格局变化对高山森林土壤氮素淋溶损失的影响

气候变化情景下冻融格局的改变可能导致寒冷生物区土壤氮的淋溶损失,从而改变土壤养分循环和森林溪流的水体环境.因此,为了解季节性冻融循环及其变化对高山森林土壤氮淋溶损失的影响,于2010年5月到2012年4月期间,采用土柱培养实验,利用海拔形成的温度差异模拟气候变暖过程,将高山森林(海拔3600 m)土壤分别培养在海拔3600 m(A1)、3300 m(A2)和3000 m(A3)的森林地表,研究了生长季节与冻融季节不同关键时期的土壤氮淋溶特征.结果表明:川西高山森林土壤氮素淋溶损失随着海拔增加而增加,其损失量为(1.85±0.39)kg·hm-2·a-1(A3)(1.87±0.34)kg·hm-2·a-1(A2)(2.94±0.73)kg·hm-2·a-1(A1),其中,62%以上的氮损失发生在季节性冻融期间.冻融季节高山森林土壤氮素淋溶流失的主要形式为铵态氮和硝态氮,且铵态氮的淋溶损失量高于硝态氮,而生长季节土壤氮素淋溶损失的主要形式是可溶性有机氮.这意味着冻融循环格局在很大程度上控制着高山森林土壤氮素淋溶损失特征,未来气候变暖可能降低高寒森林土壤氮素肥力,增加森林溪流中的氮含量.