呼和浩特交通扬尘排放清单研究

颗粒物污染是影响中国城市空气质量的首要因素,交通扬尘是城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源之一,排放清单及排放特征研究是进行环境影响分析、控制措施成本效益分析、控制方案制定以及进行环境管理的基础。本文对呼和浩特城区典型道路路面尘负荷进行采样分析,现场调研不同类型道路车流量和车辆构成,应用AP-42排放因子计算典型道路交通扬尘排放因子,建立了基于G IS的排放清单数据库。结果显示:胡同的PM10排放因子最大,其次分别为环城路、支路、次干道和主干道;环城路的PM10排放强度最大,其次为主干道、次干道、支路和胡同;基准年2006年呼和浩特城区交通扬尘PM10排放量为22 715 t;从空间分布看,环城路以内网格排放源强较高,中心城区排放强度最大。     

基于问卷调查的个人生态足迹测算及分析——以厦门大学在读学生为例

文章运用世界自然基金会提供的个人年生态足迹计算软件,通过问卷调查收集资料,测算厦门大学在读学生个人生态足迹,并分析探讨高校在读学生个人生态足迹的组成及影响因素。结果表明,厦门大学在读学生的个人生态足迹介于0.4 gh～1.6 gh之间,平均值为0.83 gh,远低于中国人均生态足迹;在各组成部分中,耕地、水域和碳足迹为主要用地类型,占人均足迹的90%以上;被访者的性别、学科和学历对其个人生态足迹的影响不明显,而个人月可支配收入及其出行方式与个人生态足迹的大小存在明显正相关性,即月可支配收入越高个人足迹越大,选择环保的出行方式则个人生态足迹较小。     

西安国际化大都市生态环境建设研究

生态环境建设是城市可持续健康发展的重要途径,也是建设国际化大都市的内在要求。结合西安市创建国际化大都市的实际情况,阐述了西安市生态城市建设现状和发展中出现的问题、生态建设的优势和制约因素等,建立了国际化大都市城市生态建设指标体系,提出了西安市建成生态城市的相关对策和措施。对西安市生态建设提出了系统的设想,阐明国际化大都市建设对改善人居环境及创建和谐社会的重要意义。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中铅的对比研究

分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品和环境空气中的铅,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。     

高浓度印染废水集中处理污水处理厂运行模式的探讨

介绍了绍兴污水处理厂春节枯水期、夏季高温以及污泥膨胀时这些不同情况下的运行情况进行分析,寻找规律,保证了污水处理厂能在不同的运行模式下能连续、稳定、预处理经济运行。     

牡丹江市土壤环境质量状况研究

通过测定牡丹江市土壤中13种重金属元素以及3种有机物含量,计算单项污染指数并对土壤污染程度进行分级.结果表明,牡丹江市土壤未受明显污染.     

城市交通低碳化的可能路径

低碳经济下的城市交通建设不仅要求建设足够的城市交通设施以满足居民对城市机动化的需求,同时必须发展与城市碳容系统相协调的交通体系以保持经济增长与环境需求间的动态平衡。因此中国在加快城市机动化推进的同时也面,陆着资源与环境问题的挑战。论文对中国如何发展城市交通低碳化进行了战略构想,从空间性减碳、技术性减碳和社会性减碳三方面着眼提出了可行性建议。     

Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

外源钙对两种价态锑胁迫下水稻幼苗吸收积累锑和钙的影响

通过溶液培养试验,研究外源钙对两种价态锑[Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)]胁迫下水稻吸收积累锑和钙的影响。结果表明,这两种价态的Sb对水稻生长均有抑制作用,Sb(III)比Sb(Ⅴ)对水稻毒害更明显,施Ca可缓解Sb对水稻的毒害。Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)的添加对水稻根系和茎叶吸收积累Ca影响不一致。当溶液中的Ca浓度为5.0 mmol·L-1时,添加三价Sb 10和30μmol·L-1均可以显著地降低水稻茎叶中的Ca含量15.7%和49.4%,但是添加Sb(Ⅴ)浓度为30μmol·L-1时,却分别提高水稻茎叶和根系Ca含量26.2%和50.4%。Ca的添加可以显著地降低水稻根系和茎叶对两个价态Sb的吸收积累。在30μmol·L-1Sb(III)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低19.0%-79.4%和42.6%-71.8%;在30μmol·L-1Sb(Ⅴ)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低34.3%-70.6%和74.1%-84.6%。Ca的添加对Sb在水稻根系和茎叶中的富集系数和分配比率也有显著影响。综上所述,可以通过施用Ca肥来防治农田Sb污染,降低Sb对人体健康的危害。     

Spatial heterogeneity of lake eutrophication caused by physiogeographic conditions: An analysis of 143 lakes in China

In order to identify the effect of geographic characteristics on the variations of nutrient concentrations and the utilization efficiency of nutrients by phytoplankton, data from 143 lakes, from 2008 to 2010, including three very different types of topography, i.e., the first topography ladder(FTL), second topography ladder(STL), and third topography ladder(TTL), were statistically analyzed. Lakes in the FTL and STL, located at high elevation(above1000 m) and low longitudes(lower than 105° E), were sporadically oligotrophic, whereas lakes in the TTL were almost all mesotrophic and eutrophic. The trophic level index(TLI)became higher with the rise of longitude. Two turning points(5 and 15°C) on the curve of TLI as function of the average annual temperature(AAT) corresponded with the AAT in different lake regions in the STL and TTL. Because the responses of TLI to AAT differ significantly, there were variations of nutrient and algal biomass concentrations in different lake regions in the same type of topography ladder. According to the differences in utilization efficiency of total nitrogen or total phosphorus by phytoplankton, China could be partitioned into six lake regions. Scientific nutrient criteria for each lake region shall be established considering these differences in China.