全文获取类型
收费全文 | 558篇 |
免费 | 9篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 29篇 |
废物处理 | 14篇 |
环保管理 | 151篇 |
综合类 | 49篇 |
基础理论 | 144篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 113篇 |
评价与监测 | 41篇 |
社会与环境 | 25篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 3篇 |
2021年 | 4篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 51篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 31篇 |
2009年 | 26篇 |
2008年 | 31篇 |
2007年 | 29篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 26篇 |
2003年 | 33篇 |
2002年 | 16篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有570条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
351.
Robert D. Gibbons Jeremy W.F. Morris Christopher P. Prucha Michael D. Caldwell Bryan F. Staley 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(9):1674-1682
Landfill functional stability provides a target that supports no environmental threat at the relevant point of exposure in the absence of active control systems. With respect to leachate management, this study investigates “gateway” indicators for functional stability in terms of the predictability of leachate characteristics, and thus potential threat to water quality posed by leachate emissions. Historical studies conducted on changes in municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate concentrations over time (longitudinal analysis) have concentrated on indicator compounds, primarily chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). However, validation of these studies using an expanded database and larger constituent sets has not been performed. This study evaluated leachate data using a mixed-effects regression model to determine the extent to which leachate constituent degradation can be predicted based on waste age or operational practices. The final dataset analyzed consisted of a total of 1402 samples from 101 MSW landfills. Results from the study indicated that all leachate constituents exhibit a decreasing trend with time in the post-closure period, with 16 of the 25 target analytes and aggregate classes exhibiting a statistically significant trend consistent with well-studied indicators such as BOD. Decreasing trends in BOD concentration after landfill closure can thus be considered representative of trends for many leachate constituents of concern. 相似文献
352.
353.
Understanding the evolutionary processes from recent demographic history is especially difficult for interstitial organisms
due to their poorly known natural history. In this study, the genetic variation and population history of the four Ototyphlonemertes (Diesing in Sitz ber Math Nat Kl Akad Wiss Wien 46:413–416, 1863) species were evaluated from samples collected along the Brazilian coast (between 27°31′S and 13°00′W) in 2006. The mitochondrial
region cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (COX3) is analyzed to assess the genetic variation of these dioecious species. Although these species have
a sympatric distribution along the coast, our data suggest that their levels of differentiation and their demographic histories
differ sharply. There is strong evidence of gene flow among demes in O. erneba and O. evelinae, and their level of structuring is much lower than for the other two species. Indeed, the COX3 fragment reveals cryptic lineages
in O. lactea and O. parmula. The results seem to contradict the high genetic structuring and low intrapopulational variability expected with the ecological
constriction and habitat discontinuity faced by these organisms, meaning that there might be gene flow among populations or
their dispersal capability has been underestimated. 相似文献
354.
Adjusting the timing of hatching to changing environmental conditions has fitness costs in blue tits
Edward?KluenEmail author Maaike?E.?de?Heij Jon?E.?Brommer 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(11):2091-2103
After laying the first egg, a bird can, to a certain extent, adjust the hatching date of the brood to environmental conditions.
However, costs of this adjustment have remained largely unexplored. We studied potential costs of hatching delay in a population
of blue tits in southern Finland. We explored the factors underlying hatching delay and investigated the association between
hatching delay, clutch hatchability and female body condition. Finally, we reciprocally cross-fostered a large number of broods
irrespective of their experienced hatching delay to address possible downstream effects of hatching delay on developmental
parameters in offspring. We found that hatching delay was associated with early laying dates and low mean temperatures during
the egg-laying phase. Furthermore, we found evidence that delayed hatching negatively affected the breeding performance. Hatchability
of the clutch was lowered and the breeding female was energetically impaired, resulting in smaller clutch sizes, lower female
body mass at hatching and lowered survival of nestlings reared in nests that had experienced a long hatching delay. In addition,
delayed hatching had a significant negative effect on the body mass of nestlings prior to fledging. However, ultimately we
did not find evidence that delayed hatching affected survival of the breeding female nor recruitment of fledglings in the
local breeding population. Our study demonstrates that environmental conditions during egg laying can have lasting effects
throughout the breeding and nestling phase. Furthermore, our results emphasize the importance of energetic tradeoffs by breeding
females during the early breeding phase to manage reproductive costs. 相似文献
355.
Contact calls are utilized by several bird and mammal species to maintain group cohesion and coordinate group movement. From
a signal design perspective, contact calls typically exhibit acoustic features that make them easily localizable and encode
information about individual or group identity. Pallid bats (Antrozous pallidus) are unusual among vespertilionids in that they often emit a loud, partially audible frequency-modulated social call several
times in rapid succession while in flight. This call appears to function as a contact call in that it is frequently given
when bats return from foraging and perform circular flights before entering a crevice roost. However, the degree to which
pallid bats respond to the calls of conspecifics and what information is provided in the call is unknown. Thus, the goal of
this study was to investigate pallid bat calling behavior to determine if calls attract roostmates or elicit responses from
them and provide sufficient information for individual recognition. In playback studies, we found that contact calls, elicit
calls, and approaches and that free-flying bats respond more to familiar than unfamiliar calls. In addition, analysis of frequency
and temporal measurements of calls collected from multiple sites and spectral cross correlation analysis of calls recorded
from the same radio-tagged bats on multiple evenings revealed that the frequency pattern of contact calls is highly repeatable
over time within individuals but exhibits significant differences among individuals. Thus, contact call structure appears
to be unique to individuals and stable through time, which makes these calls well-suited for roostmate recognition. 相似文献
356.
Hansen S Nieboer E Sandanger TM Wilsgaard T Thomassen Y Veyhe AS Odland JØ 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(8):2143-2152
The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the levels of toxic and essential elements in maternal blood during pregnancy and subsequently. A subset of 211 pregnant women from the North Norwegian Mother-and-Child Study was included. Blood samples were collected during the 2(nd) trimester (P1) and postpartum (day 3, P2; and 6 weeks, P3) in different regions of northern Norway, and were analyzed for a suite of 10 selected elements. The latter feature three general but distinct concentration patterns across the three collection periods, namely: progressive increase [Group 1: As, Cd (non-smokers only), Mn, Pb and Zn]; V-shaped, with a minimum at P2 [Group 2: Cd (smokers), Hg, Mo and Se]; and downward V, with a maximum at P2 [Group 3: Co and Cu]. These trends are interpreted in the context of underlying metabolic, hematological and physiological changes that occur in mothers, as well the biochemistry and accumulation preferences of these elements within the whole blood compartment and breast milk. Implications for biomonitoring strategies are discussed. In a multivariable analysis of the P1 data, fish consumption was a robust positive predictor for Hg (p < 0.02), As (p < 0.01) and Se (p ≤ 0.001) blood concentrations, multivitamin intake for Se (p < 0.001), and parity for Co (p < 0.002); age reached significance only for Hg (p < 0.001). An inverse association was observed between parity and Hg (p < 0.05). For the other elements, predictor patterns were not evident. 相似文献
357.
Elie Gaget Alison Johnston Diego Pavón-Jordán Aleksi S. Lehikoinen Brett K. Sandercock Alaaeldin Soultan Luka Božič Preben Clausen Koen Devos Cristi Domsa Vitor Encarnação Sándor Faragó Niamh Fitzgerald Teresa Frost Clemence Gaudard Lívia Gosztonyi Fredrik Haas Menno Hornman Tom Langendoen Christina Ieronymidou Leho Luigujõe Włodzimierz Meissner Tibor Mikuska Blas Molina Zuzana Musilová Jean-Yves Paquet Nicky Petkov Danae Portolou Jozef Ridzoň Laimonas Sniauksta Antra Stīpniece Norbert Teufelbauer Johannes Wahl Marco Zenatello Jon E. Brommer 《Conservation biology》2022,36(4):e13877
Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation-relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late-designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate-driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds. 相似文献
358.
OBJECTIVE: This study compares collision involvement between adult drivers with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and control participants in a simulation experiment designed to enhance the effects of fatigue. Because the effects of ADHD include difficulties in maintaining attention, drivers with ADHD were hypothesized to be more susceptible to the effects of fatigue while driving. METHODS: Data are drawn from a validated driving simulation study, portions of which were focused on enhancing the effects of fatigue. The simulator data are supplemented with written questionnaire data. Drivers with ADHD were compared with controls. RESULTS: The self-report data indicated that drivers with ADHD were more likely to report having been involved in an accident within the previous five years. Simulation data showed that time of day of participation in the experiment were significantly related to likelihood of collision, and that these effects were further exacerbated by ADHD status. Participants with ADHD were more likely than controls to be involved in a crash in the simulator regardless of time of day, but the effects were particularly pronounced in the morning, and the rate of increase in accident involvement from the late afternoon into the evening was greater among participants with ADHD. No differences in self-reported sleep patterns or caffeine use were found between participants with ADHD and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that drivers with ADHD became fatigued more quickly than controls. Such drivers thus face greater risk of involvement in accidents on highways or open roadways where the visual and task monotony of the environment contribute to greater driver fatigue. 相似文献
359.
Stephen E. Lewis Jon E. Brodie Zoë T. Bainbridge Ken W. Rohde Aaron M. Davis Bronwyn L. Masters Mirjam Maughan Michelle J. Devlin Jochen F. Mueller Britta Schaffelke 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(8-9):2470-2484
The runoff of pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and fungicides) from agricultural lands is a key concern for the health of the iconic Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Relatively low levels of herbicide residues can reduce the productivity of marine plants and corals. However, the risk of these residues to Great Barrier Reef ecosystems has been poorly quantified due to a lack of large-scale datasets. Here we present results of a study tracing pesticide residues from rivers and creeks in three catchment regions to the adjacent marine environment. Several pesticides (mainly herbicides) were detected in both freshwater and coastal marine waters and were attributed to specific land uses in the catchment. Elevated herbicide concentrations were particularly associated with sugar cane cultivation in the adjacent catchment. We demonstrate that herbicides reach the Great Barrier Reef lagoon and may disturb sensitive marine ecosystems already affected by other pressures such as climate change. 相似文献
360.