Landesweite immissionsbezogene Flechtenkartierung in Bayern

In 1996 within a country-wide research project, the epiphytic lichen vegetation throughout Bavaria was mapped according to Guideline VDI 3799, Part I (1995). The data providing information about air quality was collected in 190 sites. Most of the sites demonstrated little to moderate pollution, while both very high and very low levels of air pollution could be found locally. The methods outlined in Guideline VDI 3799 were slightly modified and adapted to the situation in Bavaria. Comparison of the lichen vegetation on different species of trees showed that a rigid classification of tree species as proposed in the guideline is not necessary in Bavaria. The use of several species of trees per site has proven to be favourable. The influence of the natural heterogeneity of the air-quality index in the investigated area was examined. Here, the geology turned out not to be a crucial factor. With respect to climate, it is especially the alpine region with its high levels of precipitation that stands out against the other parts of Bavaria. The results from that area may not be freely compared to those from the remaining sites. It could be shown that the Guideline VDI 3799 is applicable for large-area lichen mapping in Bavaria.     

Die Photosynthehemmung pflanzlicher Protoplasten

The ecotoxicological effect of rain water on the light-dependent, photosynthetical oxygen production of suspended protoplasts from the bean speciesVicia faba L. was used for the characterization of airborne immissions. The protoplast-biotest — with rain water samples taken in an agricultural area from March to July — showed a clear inhibition of the photosynthetical oxygen production. Simultaneously, chemical analyses on some herbicides were carried out. The concentrations determined, however, did not sufficiently explain the measured inhibition of oxygen production; so, the toxicity yielded was assumed to result from not-analyzed compounds as well as synergistic and additive effects of the rain water constituents.     

III. Ökotoxikologische Charakterisierung der Schwermetall-Immissionsmuster

The spatial variation of the immission patterns of Cr, Fe, Pb and V in the region Leipzig-Halle is dicussed in terms of similarities as well as dissimilarities. The representation by isopleths enables the identification of areas with high and low air pollution. The immission patterns can be used as criteria to select areas suitable for in-field testing so that possible effects on fauna und flora and xenobiotic fluxes can be studied at representative sites. The comparison with literature data yields a first characterization of the ecotoxic potential of the heavy-metal immission for the region. By the principal component analysis a comparative evaluation of the spatial structure of all element contents is performed, which leads to conclusions about emission sources and the physicochemical behaviour of the elements.     

Monitoring and enforcement for management of industrial wastes: case study for Thailand

Summary This paper seeks to set the appropriate standards for monitoring and enforcement for the management of industrial wastes and effluents in developing countries. It applies these environmental protection measures to the proposed Samutprakam Province improvement programme in Thailand.Dr Harvey F. Ludwig is a regular contributor toThe Environmentalist (see, for instance, Ludwig, 1990; Ludwig and Browder, 1992). He is Chairman of Seatec International Consulting Engineers where Sow Kim Leng is a consulting engineer. Wanida Srichai is based at the World Environment Center, Thailand Office, Bangkok, Thailand.