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排序方式: 共有112条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
Sorption-desorption tests to assess the risk derived from metal contamination in mineral and organic soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We obtained the sorption isotherms of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn from seven soils with contrasting properties, including mineral and organic soils. The distribution coefficients (Kd) were determined from batch tests in a solution that simulated the soil solution cationic composition. The Kd values of the target metals varied greatly depending on soil type and initial metal concentration. Sorption isotherms were fitted to Freundlich and Langmuir models, and derived parameters were correlated to soil properties through the construction of a correlation matrix and application of Principal Component Analysis. The batch Kd showed a satisfactory agreement with the Kd obtained from field-contaminated soils. The sorption tests were complemented with the estimation of the reversibility of metal sorption by the application of an extraction test. The extraction yields, which did not relate to the initial metal concentration, depended on the metal-soil combination, and showed no correlation to batch Kd values. The risk derived from a contamination event was estimated through the quantification of a Retention Factor, defined as the ratio of the Kd versus the extraction yield. Results showed that this was an excellent index to highlight which metal and soil represent the most vulnerable scenarios after a contamination event. 相似文献
73.
Jordi Oliver-Solà 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(6):596-597
74.
75.
Jordi Figuerola Iris Charalambidou Luis Santamaria Andy J. Green 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(6):555-565
Long distance dispersal may have important consequences for gene flow and community structure. The dispersal of many plants
depends on transport by vertebrate seed dispersers. The shapes of seed shadows produced by vertebrates depend both on movement
patterns of the dispersers and on the dynamics and effects of passage through the disperser’s gut (i.e. the retention time,
survival and germination of ingested seeds). A combination of experiments with captive waterbirds and aquatic plant seeds
was used to analyse the following: (a) the effects of inter- and intra-specific variation in seed size and duck species on
seed retention time in the gut and (b) the relationship between retention time and the percent germination and germination
rates of seeds. Among the three Scirpus species used, those with smaller seeds showed higher survival after ingestion by birds and longer retention times inside
their guts than those with larger seeds. For Potamogeton pectinatus, only seeds from the smaller size class (<8 mg) survived ingestion. Retention time affected the percent germination and germination
rate of Scirpus seeds but in a manner that varied for the different plant and bird species studied. We recorded both linear and non-linear
effects of retention time on percent germination. In addition, germination rate was positively correlated with retention time
in Scirpus litoralis but negatively correlated in Scirpus lacustris. Small seed size can favour dispersal over larger distances. However, the effects of retention time on percent germination
can modify the seed shadows produced by birds due to higher percent germination of seeds retained for short or intermediate
periods. The changes in dispersal quality associated with dispersal distance (which is expected to be positively related to
retention time) will affect the probability of seedling establishment over longer distances and, thus, the spatial characteristics
of the effective seed shadow. 相似文献
76.
77.
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in some additives widely employed as binder and anti-caking agents in feedstuffs, such as kaolin, bentonite, zeolite, etc. with an special attention on sepiolite samples. Owing to their physico-chemical properties, the little information of these materials reported in the literature, the variability of PCDDs/PCDFs found in a preliminary evaluation and the absence of reference materials highlighted further research needed. Therefore, an extensive study on the analytical procedures based on the classical methods was performed with sepiolite samples. The study includes evaluation of reproducibility and repeatibility. To this end, a series of intra-day and nine inter-day analysis were made. The methodolgy was also assessed against the sample size and series of 12.5, 25, 37.5 and 50 g were analyzed. In all cases, the results confirmed good correlation with the parameters evaluated. 相似文献
78.
We studied trace element accumulation in the moss Hypnum cupressiforme and the widely distributed Mediterranean trees Quercus ilex and Pinus halepensis located at increasing distances from the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. Hypnum cupressiforme, Quercus ilex and, to a somewhat lesser extent, Pinus halepensis, have proved to be adequate as possible accumulative monitoring species in relation to trace elements pollution. No significant effects of crown orientation were found. One-year old leaves generally accumulated more trace elements than current-year leaves. All the studied trace elements showed greatest concentrations in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area, with lead, cadmium and arsenic concentrations being especially high. In general, trace element concentrations in biomass were similar or higher than the values reported from other Mediterranean urban areas of Europe. The top soil-layer concentrations were also higher in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area indicating the existence of mechanisms of atmospheric deposition and/or concentration in the soil. The lower values of Pb of airborne origin relative to other elements such as Cd, Cu, Zn and Sb suggest that traffic exhausts are not the only important focus of pollutants in this area. The results of biomass concentrations and of enrichment factor of biomasses respect to bedrock and soils show that atmospheric inputs account for the higher trace element concentrations in the Barcelona Metropolitan Area. 相似文献
79.
80.
Aalto P Hämeri K Paatero P Kulmala M Bellander T Berglind N Bouso L Castaño-Vinyals G Sunyer J Cattani G Marconi A Cyrys J von Klot S Peters A Zetzsche K Lanki T Pekkanen J Nyberg F Sjövall B Forastiere F 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(8):1064-1076
In this study, long-term aerosol particle total number concentration measurements in five metropolitan areas across Europe are presented. The measurements have been carried out in Augsburg, Barcelona, Helsinki, Rome, and Stockholm using the same instrument, a condensation particle counter (TSI model 3022). The results show that in all of the studied cities, the winter concentrations are higher than the summer concentrations. In Helsinki and in Stockholm, winter concentrations are higher by a factor of two and in Augsburg almost by a factor of three compared with summer months. The winter maximum of the monthly average concentrations in these cities is between 10,000 cm(-3) and 20,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer min is approximately 5000-6000 cm(-3). In Rome and in Barcelona, the winters are more polluted compared with summers by as much as a factor of 4-10. The winter maximum in both Rome and Barcelona is close to 100,000 cm(-3), whereas the summer minimum is > 10,000 cm(-3). During the weekdays the maximum of the hourly average concentrations in all of the cities is detected during the morning hours between 7 and 10 a.m. The evening maxima were present in Barcelona, Rome, and Augsburg, but these were not as pronounced as the morning ones. The daily maxima in Helsinki and Stockholm are close or even lower than the daily minima in the more polluted cities. The concentrations between these two groups of cities are different with a factor of about five during the whole day. The study pointed out the influence of the selection of the measurement site and the configuration of the sampling line on the observed concentrations. 相似文献