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811.
Marta I. Sánchez Andy J. Green Francisco Amat Eloy M. Castellanos 《Marine Biology》2007,151(4):1407-1415
Waterbirds are known to disperse invertebrate propagules that survive gut passage, but there is very little information about
how the probability of dispersal changes at different times of the annual cycle when birds move in different directions, or
how it is affected by changes in diet. We studied internal transport of brine shrimp Artemia cysts by migratory waders in the Odiel saltworks in south-west Spain. Viable cysts of parthenogenetic Artemia were abundant in the faeces and regurgitated pellets of redshank Tringa totanus, pellets of spotted redshank T. erythropus, and faeces of black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa during spring and/or autumn migrations in 2001–2002, but were not recorded during winter. Godwits did not produce pellets,
and spotted redshank faeces were not sampled. Significant correlations between the number of cysts in a pellet or faecal sample
and the proportion of that sample constituted by Artemia adults suggested that most cysts were ingested while in the ovisacs of gravid females. The proportion of cysts destroyed
during digestion increased when accompanied by harder food items or grit, and when fewer cysts were ingested. The median number
of intact cysts was higher in redshank faeces than in their pellets, but cysts extracted from pellets were more likely to
hatch. A higher proportion of redshank pellets contained Artemia cysts in spring than in autumn, but more redshank migrated through the area in autumn. Significantly fewer cysts were recorded
in redshank pellets in winter than in spring or autumn. Our results confirm that there is potential for long-distance dispersal
of Artemia cysts via waders during both northwards (spring) and southwards (autumn) migrations. 相似文献
812.
This study examines the links between mineral dependency and corruption. Specifically, it develops a cross-section econometric model that estimates the effects of per capita income, fuel exports, non-fuel exports, and average per unit value of mineral exports on corruption. 相似文献
813.
文章通过对我国地区10kV及以下配电线路无功补偿的现状,并结合有关数据,对配电线路无功补偿的必要性、补偿位置选择进行了分析。提出提高中、低压配电网功率因数,能够稳定提高线路电路输送能力和供电质量,并且能够大大降低线路损耗,既具有明显的社会和经济效益,也具有现实意义。 相似文献
814.
/ The Itapiranga Sustainable Logging Plan provides an example of how Brazil's licensing system functions for logging companies in the state of Amazonas. Two questions need to be dealt with: "How sustainable can logging in the Amazon be?" and "What and how effective are existing legal mechanisms to deal with logging projects?" The environmental impact assessment (EIA) and environmental impact statement (EIS, known as the RIMA in Brazil), present relatively detailed accounts of biodiversity and the need to adopt conservation strategies to protect it. However, social and health impacts are only superficially addressed. The economic sustainability of the operation over multiple cycles is not demonstrated. The multidisciplinary teams responsible for the EIA and EIS (RIMA) reports are hired by the project proponent, an arrangement inherently carrying the risk of biasing the result. Logging reduces biodiversity, releases greenhouse gases and inflicts social and health costs. These impacts reduce the ability of Amazonian forests to provide environmental services and to supply food and livelihood security to local populations. The reports inflate positive effects such as employment: the estimated number of jobs was cut by more than half in a revision made after the EIA and EIS (RIMA) had been approved. Not only do the reports need to be more realistic in assessing both positive and negative consequences of proposed projects, but better means are needed to ensure that promised mitigatory measures are enforced in practice. Many of the lessons that can be drawn from the Itapiranga Plan are not unique to logging projects and apply to licensing of development activites generally in Brazil and elsewhere. 相似文献
815.
Chaila S Arévalo RA Piscitelli FR Gómez RA Sobrero MT 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2005,40(1):145-150
Sicyos polyacanthus is one of the most important weed in sugarcane crops of Tucumán (Argentina). The objective of this work was to establish strategies that would decrease the weed incidence in the crop to a minimum level. The study was carried out during 1998--2003 at five localities of sugarcane production of Tucumán (Argentina). The plots were 20 m long (192 m2) with 6 furrows and each plot was replicated five times. Treatments were: (i) Mechanical-chemical cultivation without fire; (ii) Mechanical-chemical culltivation with fire; (iii) Mechanical cultivation with handle pulled and with fire; (iv) Mechanical cultivation with handle pulled without fire; (v) Mechanical and chemical variants with fertilization and without fertilization; (vi) Mechanical and chemical variants with watering and without watering; (vii) Fallow and rotation, at the sugarcane crop renovation; (viii) Mechanical and chemical variants for plant cane and ratoon cane; and (ix) Mulching of harvest rests. The results suggest that besides the use of preemergent herbicides, fire marks the entry point of control, influencing fluxes and seed viability. It appears that fallow, mulching, and rotation of crops is fundamental for eliminating seeds that live short time in the soil and increase the mortality rate of species. 相似文献
816.
Fernando Díaz Alonso Enrique Gonzlez Ferrads Juan Francisco Snchez Prez Agustín Miana Aznar Jos Ruiz Gimeno Jesús Martínez Alonso 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2006,19(6):724-728
A number of models have been proposed to calculate overpressure and impulse from accidental industrial explosions. When the blast is produced by explosives, pyrotechnics or unstable substances, the TNT equivalent model is widely used. From the curves given by this model, data are fitted to obtain equations showing the relationship between overpressure, impulse and distance. These equations, referred to here as characteristic curves, can be fitted by means of power equations, which depend on the TNT equivalent mass. Characteristic curves allow determination of overpressure and impulse at each distance. 相似文献
817.
湘江流域洪水灾害综合风险评价 总被引:26,自引:4,他引:26
依据灾害系统理论,在综合考虑致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体的基础上,从致灾因子、孕灾环境的自然属性和承灾体的社会属性两方面出发,以县级行政单元为基本评价单元,进行了湘江流域洪水灾害的综合风险评价。在综合考虑降雨量、地形以及历史上洪水灾害发生频次等自然因素的条件下,利用地图代数分析得到了湘江流域洪水灾害危险性评价图;在综合考虑人口密度、耕地面积百分比、人均GDP和单位面积水库和塘坝容量等社会经济指标的基础上,利用模糊综合评判法得到了湘江流域洪水灾害脆弱性评价图。在此基础上采取“乘”模型的计算公式,即风险=危险性×脆弱性,将湘江流域洪水灾害风险划分为高风险、较高风险、中等风险、较低风险和低风险5个等级,并借助地理信息系统软件编制了湘江流域洪水灾害综合风险等级评价图。 相似文献
818.
Riverbed sediments from an estuary historically affected by wastes discharged by several phosphate fertiliser plants and enriched in uranium-series radionuclides were operationally speciated using a Tessier-based method. In each selective fraction the (226)Ra content was determined by alpha-particle spectrometry after radiochemical isolation and electrodeposition onto stainless steel planchets. These studies were performed in (226)Ra-polluted estuarine sediments collected one year after anthropogenic discharges had ceased in order to obtain useful information about the operational forms in which this radionuclide remains associated with the sediments at this time. The results obtained revealed that one year after (226)Ra inputs had stopped, the radionuclide was associated mostly with the more refractory forms. Consequently, it is possible to foresee little potential remobilisation of (226)Ra contamination from sediments to the aqueous phase in the future under normal environmental conditions. 相似文献
819.
Turcq B Cordeiro RC Sifeddine A Simões Filho FF Albuquerque AL Abrão JJ 《Chemosphere》2002,49(8):821-835
The Amazonian forest is, due to its great size, carbon storage capacity and present-day variability in carbon uptake and release, an important component of the global carbon cycle. Paleo-environmental reconstruction is difficult for Amazonia due to the scarcity of primary palynological data and the mis-interpretation of some secondary data. Studies of lacustrine sediment records have shown that Amazonia has known periods in which the climate was drier than it is today. However, not all geomorphological features such as dunes, and slope erosion, which are thought to indicate rainforest regression, date from the time of the Late Glacial Maximum (LGM) and these features do not necessarily correspond to episodes of forest regression. There is also uncertainty concerning LGM carbon storage due to rainforest soils and biomass estimates. Soil carbon content may decrease moderately during the LGM, whereas rainforest biomass may change considerably in response to changes in the global environment. Biomass per unit area in Amazonia has probably been reduced by the cumulative effects of low CO2 concentration, a drier climate and lower temperatures. As few paleo-vegetation data are available, there is considerable uncertainty concerning the amount of carbon stored in Amazonia during the LGM, which may have corresponded to 44-94% of the carbon currently stored in biomass and soils. 相似文献
820.