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Abstract Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics is formulated drawn on Low’s model. Under the theoretical framework, the impact of the rising opportunity cost of on-farm on cropping structure is deduced in theory. And then, using statistic and survey data, taking mountain area of southern Ningxia as an example, the theoretical assumes are verified. The results show that the rise of opportunity cost of farm labor leads to less diversified cropping structure. 相似文献
106.
Environment, Development and Sustainability - The resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is an important foundation and support for a city or region, and determines the direction of... 相似文献
107.
详细讨论了卫星遥感技术在长江流域水资源管理方面的应用问题,提出了两种实用的方法:①卫星遥感技术在灌溉水资源管理方面的应用;②长江流域地下水、地表水资源估算。进一步分析了两种方法的特点,介绍了卫星遥感技术的优点及用途,建议在长江流域水资源管理中加以利用。 相似文献
108.
Health risk assessment (HRA) has been recognized as a useful tool for identifying health risks of human activities. In particular, this method has been well applied to spatially defined units, such as a production plant, a treatment facility, and a contaminated site. However, the management strategies based on the risk information will be more efficient if the comprehensive picture of total risks from all kinds of sources is depicted. In principle, the total risks can be obtained when all risk sources are assessed individually. Apparently, this approach demands huge amount of efforts. This study develops a methodology that combines substance flow and risk estimation to facilitate examination of risk in a systemic way and provide comprehensive understanding of risk generation and distribution corresponding to flows of substances in the anthroposphere and the environment. Substance flow analysis (SFA) and HRA method is integrated to produce a systemic risk assessment method, from which substance management schemes can be derived. In this study, the chromium cycle in Taiwan is used as an example to demonstrate the method, by which the associated substance flow in the economy and the risk caused by the substance in the environmental system is determined. The concentrations of pollutants in the environmental media, the resultant risks and hazard quotients are calculated with the widely-used CalTOX multimedia model. 相似文献
109.
In recent years, scientists have been increasingly interested in the energy embodied in traded goods among countries. In this article, the direct energy intensities in various economic sectors of China were calculated with the data of energy consumption and output value of each sector, and the input-output table was used to estimate the external energy consumption. The total energy intensity of all sectors was then obtained. From the data of international trade, the energy embodied in goods trade of China was estimated for the period of 1994-2001. During this period, the average energy intensity of imported goods was always higher than that of exported ones. As a country with a surplus in international goods trade, China actually imported net embodied energy in the past few years. The net embodied energy imported was at the same magnitude of the imported energy in the form of fossil fuels. 相似文献
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针对低温干式接头密封失效造成甲烷泄漏的情况,采用CFD软件FLACS对LNG气化后的泄漏扩散过程进行数值模拟,对甲烷扩散过程的浓度分布及云团扩散速度进行研究,并分析了泄漏过程中可燃气体云团量的变化情况。结果表明:LNG泄漏后迅速气化扩散,40 s后各监测浓度维持稳定;最远扩散距离约40 m,气体扩散总范围最长直径约70 m,扩散最高处大约1.5 m; 120 s内LNG泄漏量为30 kg,气化后天然气体积为42.3 m~3,可燃气体云团量为140 m~3;LNG泄漏吸收空气中的热量,在地面形成流动层,贴近地面浓度高,远离地面浓度低,随着高度上升气体的可燃爆炸危险区域逐步缩小。 相似文献