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排序方式: 共有198条查询结果,搜索用时 7 毫秒
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Vrana B Paschke H Paschke A Popp P Schuurmann G 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2005,7(5):500-508
Lipid-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are receiving increasing attention as passive, in situ samplers for the assessment of environmental pollutant exposure. Although SPMDs have been successfully used in a variety of field studies in surface waters, only a few studies have addressed their characteristics as groundwater samplers. In this study, the performance of the SPMDs for monitoring organic contaminants in groundwater was evaluated in a pilot field application in an area severely contaminated by chemical waste, especially by chlorinated hydrocarbons. The spatial distribution of hydrophobic groundwater contaminants was assessed using a combination of passive sampling with SPMDs and non-target semiquantitative GC-MS analysis. More than 100 contaminants were identified and semiquantitatively determined in SPMD samples. Along the 6 field sites under investigation, a large concentration gradient was observed, which confirms a very limited mobility of hydrophobic substances in dissolved form in the aquifer. The in situ extraction potential of the SPMD is limited by groundwater flow, when the exchange volume of well water during an exposure is lower than the SPMD clearance volume for the analytes. This study demonstrates that SPMDs present a useful tool for sampling and analyzing of groundwater polluted with complex mixtures of hydrophobic chemicals and provides guidance for further development of passive sampling technology for groundwater. 相似文献
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Assessing the microbial activity of soil samples,its nutrient limitation and toxic effects of contaminants using a simple respiration test 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Eight soil samples from five wells of a former gas plant site differing in the contamination with BTEX and PAHs as well as the nutrient content were investigated by soil respiration measurements. The basal, glucose as well as NH4+ and PO4(3-) induced cumulative oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in 72 and 120 h were determined and additionally the maximal turnover rates and the limitation quotients were calculated. Without additional carbon source only one of five investigated samples was clearly nutrient limited. After glucose supplementation four of seven investigated samples showed nutrient limitation that was in accordance with the available ammonium and phosphorous content. BTEX and PAHs did not exhibit an inhibiting effect on the respiration rate. In contrast, BTEX containing samples exhibited the highest oxygen consumption indicating biodegradation of the contaminants. The results show that oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production as well as the kinetic of these processes are all informative parameters characterizing the whole microbial respiration potential and their nutrient limitation in soil samples. Therefore this fast respirometric method can be used for the decision if further detailed studies of the bioremediation are useful and if nutrient supplementation is recommended to enhance natural attenuation. 相似文献
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A. Meissner B. Düll A. v. Stosch O. Heinroth Albrecht Hase 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1938,26(12):188-191
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Friedrich Rinne Albrecht Hase A. Loewy Werner Gottstein 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1926,14(18):389-391