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81.
Stephen T. Gray Stephen T. Jackson Julio L. Betancourt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(4):947-960
ABSTRACT: Samples from 107 piñon pines (Pinns edulis) at four sites were used to develop a proxy record of annual (June to June) precipitation spanning the 1226 to 2001 AD interval for the Uinta Basin Watershed of northeastern Utah. The reconstruction reveals significant precipitation variability at interannual to decadal scales. Single‐year dry events before the instrumental period tended to be more severe than those after 1900. In general, decadal scale dry events were longer and more severe prior to 1900. In particular, dry events in the late 13th, 16th, and 18th Centuries surpass the magnitude and duration of droughts seen in the Uinta Basin after 1900. The last four decades of the 20th Century also represent one of the wettest periods in the reconstruction. The proxy record indicates that the instrumental record (approximately 1900 to the Present) underestimates the potential frequency and severity of severe, sustained droughts in this area, while over representing the prominence of wet episodes. In the longer record, the empirical probability of any decadal scale drought exceeding the duration of the 1954 through 1964 drought is 94 percent, while the probability for any wet event exceeding the duration of the 1965 through 1999 wet spell is only 1 percent. Hence, estimates of future water availability in the Uinta Basin and forecasts for exports to the Colorado River, based on the 1961 to 1990 and 1971 to 2000 “normal” periods, may be overly optimistic. 相似文献
82.
In this investigation we evaluated the performance of multiple metrics, based on benthic macroinvertebrates, to assess nutrient enrichment in impounded rivers. Field studies were conducted in the upper reaches of four impounded mountain rivers (Tormes, Riaza, Eresma and Miraflores Rivers) of Central Spain. The watersheds of these rivers are underlain by siliceous rocks. Two sampling sites, upstream and downstream from the reservoir, were established in stony riffles of each impounded river. We used a total of 34 metrics, representing five different metric groups: measures of abundance and richness, percentages of taxonomic groups, percentages of functional feeding groups, measures of dominance and diversity, and biotic indices. Evaluation of different metrics was mainly based on correlation analyses between concentrations of nutrients (NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P) and values of individual metrics. Deep releases from the reservoirs were the primary cause responsible for the nutrient enrichment at downstream sampling sites. Chironomidae density, Gastropoda density, % Chironomidae, % Gastropoda, % collector-gatherers and scrapers, proportion of the two most dominant taxa, and Camargo's dominance index exhibited the highest positive correlation coefficients. Conversely, Plecoptera density, Trichoptera density, EPT richness, % Plecoptera, % Trichoptera, % collector-filterers, % predators, % shredders, Simpson's and Camargo's diversity indices, and the average BMWQ score (biotic index) exhibited the highest negative correlation coefficients. Overall it is concluded that the multimetric approach may be a useful technique for the biological assessment of nutrient enrichment in fluvial ecosystems, particularly in upper reaches of siliceous rivers. 相似文献
83.
Nereida Jiménez de Oya Inmaculada Galindo Estela Escribano-Romero Ana-Belén Blázquez Julio Alonso-Padilla Nabil Halaihel José M. Escribano Juan-Carlos Saiz 《Food and environmental virology》2009,1(2):77-84
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecal-orally transmitted virus that is endemic in many geographical areas with poor sanitary
conditions and inadequate water supplies. In Europe, a low-endemic area, an increased number of autochthonous sporadic human
cases of patients infected with HEV strains of genotype 3, have been reported lately. The relatively high prevalence of HEV
genotype 3 infections in European pigs has raised concerns about a potential zoonotic transmission to humans. Determination
of HEV seroprevalence in pigs would help to clarify its incidence and possible zoonotic implications. To this purpose, we
have expressed and partially characterized swine genotype 3 HEV open reading frame-2 proteins upon infection of Sf21 insect
cells with recombinant baculoviruses. The use of the expressed proteins as diagnostic antigens for the detection of antibodies
to HEV has been further assayed with human and swine sera. 相似文献
84.
This study describes spatial and temporal patterns of variability in population parameters in the barnacle Chthamalus montagui Southward in three localities of northern Spain and evaluates whether density-dependent settlement may regulate population
dynamics. The sampling design considered two spatial scales, localities and sites within localities, and two temporal scales,
years and six month intervals. Density, amount of free space, mortality, growth rate and magnitude of settlement (both absolute
and per unit of free space) were obtained from photographs of permanent quadrats and from direct counts in the field. The
number of settlers in scraped and untouched quadrats was used to estimate the importance of the presence of conspecifics in
settlement. Significant variation at the two spatial and temporal scales was found for most parameters. Large spatial and
temporal variations in adult mortality rate, density, and settlement were observed. Patterns of mortality were not consistent
with differences in density among localities. Differences in settlement among localities were maintained through time. We
suggest that magnitude of settlement is regulated by persistent features such as topography or local water circulation. We
assume that early post-settlement mortality does not differ among localities. In the absence of differential mortality, settlement
determines average population density within localities. Within localities, settlement was independent of density and free
space. No consistent evidence was found on preferential settlement at the vicinity of conspecifics. The main conclusion is
that density-dependent settlement is not relevant for the regulation of the populations of C. montagui in the northern Spain. Regulation might occur by density-dependent processes within the adult fraction of the population
and/or the larval phase before settlement. 相似文献
85.
Julio César Marín Leal Stanislas Dubois Francis Orvain Robert Galois Jean-Louis Blin Michel Ropert Marie-Paule Bataillé Alain Ourry Sébastien Lefebvre 《Marine Biology》2008,153(4):673-688
Food sources for cultivated marine bivalves generally are not well identified, although they are essential for a better understanding
of coastal ecosystems and for the sustainability of shellfish farming activities. In addition to phytoplankton, other organic
matter sources (OMS), such as microphytobenthos and detritus (of terrestrial or marine origins), can contribute significantly
to the growth of marine bivalves. The aim of this study was to identify the potential food sources and to estimate their contributions
to the growth of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in two contrasting trophic environments of Normandy (France): the Baie des Veys (BDV) and the Lingreville area (LIN). Two
sites were studied in the BDV area (BDV-S and BDV-N) and one in the LIN area. To estimate the contribution of each type of
OMS, we used a combination of stable natural isotope composition (δ13C, δ15N) analysis of OMS and oyster tissue together with a modelling exercise. Field sampling was conducted every 2 months over
1 year. The sampled sources were suspended particulate organic matter from marine (PhyOM) and terrestrial (TOM) origins, microphytobenthos
(MPB), detrital organic matter from the superficial sediment (SOM), and macroalgae (Ulva sp., ULV). A statistical mixing model coupled to a bioenergetic model was used to calculate the contributions of each different
source at different seasons. Results showed that isotopic composition of the animal flesh varied with respect to the potential
OMS over the year within each ecosystem. Significant differences were also observed among the three locations. For instance,
the δ13C and δ15N values of the oysters ranged from −20.0 to −19.1‰ and from 6.9 to 10.8‰ at BDV-S, from −19.4 to −18.1‰ and from 6.4 to 10.0‰
at BDV-N, and from −21.8 to −19.4‰ and from 6.3 to 8.3‰ at LIN. The contributions of the different sources to oyster growth
differed depending on the ecosystem and on the period of the year. Phytoplankton (PhyOM) predominated as the principal food
source for oysters (particularly in the LIN location). MPB, TOM, and ULV detritus also possibly contributed to oysters’ diet
during summer and autumn at the BDV-S and BDV-N sites. SOM was not considered an OMS because it was already a mix of the other
four OMS, but rather a trophic reservoir that potentially mirrored the trophic functioning of marine ecosystems. 相似文献
86.
Francisco Luiza Flavia Veiga do Amaral Crispim Bruno Spósito Juliana Caroline Vivian Solórzano Julio César Jut Maran Nayara Halimy Kummrow Fábio do Nascimento Valter Aragão Montagner Cassiana Carolina De Oliveira Kelly Mari Pires Barufatti Alexeia 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(24):24581-24594
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwaters are normally consumed without previous treatment and therefore the monitoring of contaminants in order to guarantee its safety is... 相似文献
87.
Rosario Vidal Jaume-Adrià Alberola-Borràs Julio Gómez-Cordón Enrique Moliner Amaya Ortega Eva Verdejo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2017,25(4):961-972
The life cycle assessment methodology was used to calculate the environmental impacts of the current chemical pre-treatment with chromium(VI) for electroplating acrylonitrile butadiene styrene. The inventory comprised: the procurement of chemicals; the manufacturing process with successive baths and rinses that requires, in addition to chemicals, energy to heat baths, air agitation, filtration, and so forth, wastewater treatment and air emissions; and also the treatment of sludges from wastewater treatment and exhausted baths. Chromic acid was almost the unique responsible of eco-toxicity (97.5 %) and human toxicity-cancer (99.8 %) and it was one of the highest contributor to climate change, cumulative energy demand, fossil fuel depletion, human toxicity non-cancer, and in abiotic depletion. 相似文献
88.
Julio Werner Yoshioka Bernardo Michael Mannich Stephan Hilgert Cristovão Vicente Scapulatempo Fernandes Tobias Bleninger 《Ambio》2017,46(5):566-577
Sustainability of hydropower reservoirs has been questioned since the detection of their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions which are mainly composed of carbon dioxide and methane. A method to assess the impact on the carbon cycle caused by the transition from a natural river system into a reservoir is presented and discussed. The method evaluates the long term changes in carbon stock instead of the current approach of monitoring and integrating continuous short term fluxes. A case study was conducted in a subtropical reservoir in Brazil, showing that the carbon content within the reservoir exceeds that of the previous landuse. The average carbon sequestration over 43 years since damming was 895 mg C m\(^{-2}\mathrm{{day}}^{-1}\) and found to be mainly due to storage of carbon in sediments. These results demonstrate that reservoirs have two opposite effects on the balance of GHGs. By storing organic C in sediments, reservoirs are an important carbon sink. On the other hand, reservoirs increase the flux of methane into the atmosphere. If the sediments of reservoirs could be used for long term C storage, reservoirs might have a positive effect on the balance of GHGs. 相似文献
89.
Feliphe Lacerda Souza de Alencar Julio Alejandro Navoni Viviane Souza do Amaral 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(20):16545-16559
Metal pollution is a current environmental issue as a consequence of unregulated anthropic activiy. A wide range of bioremediation strategies have been successfully implemented to recover contaminated areas. Among them, bacterial bioremediation stands out as a promising tool to confront these types of concerns. This study aimed to compare and discuss worldwide scientific evolution of bacterial potential for metal bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems. The study consisted of a systematic review, elaborated through a conceptual hypothesis model, during the period from 2000 to 2016, using PubMed, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases as data resources. The countries with the largest number of reports included in this work were India and the USA. Industrial wastewater discharge was the main subject associated to metal contamination/pollution and where bacterial bioremediations have mostly been applied. Biosorption is the main bioremediation mechanism described. Bacterial adaptation to metal presence was discussed in all the selected studies, and chromium was the most researched bioremedied substrate. Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosas and the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria were microorganisms with the greatest applicability for metal bioremediation. Most reports involved the study of genes and/or proteins related to metal metabolism and/or resistence, and Chromobacterium violaceum was the most studied. The present work shows the relevance of metal bacterial bioremediation through the high number of studies aimed at understanding the microbiological mechanisms involved. Moreover, the developed processes applied in removal and/or reducing the resulting environmental metal contaminant/pollutant load have become a current and increasingly biotechnological issue for recovering impacted areas. 相似文献
90.
Julio A. Soria-Lara Luca Bertolini Marco Te Brömmelstroet 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(5):755-772
A set of process-related barriers negatively determines the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in transport planning. Recent research highlights the unstructured stakeholder involvement and inefficient public participation in earlier phases of EIA as key bottlenecks. While the academic literature has produced promising theories for addressing these barriers, they have rarely been translated into solutions applicable and testable in practice. In order to bridge this theory–practice gap, we present a systematic literature review of interventions and mechanisms aimed at facilitating the integration of different sources and types of knowledge during the scoping phase of EIA. This review explores if and how interventions and mechanisms have been conducted in practice; if and why they worked or did not work and how relevant they are for EIA in transport planning. Based on this review, we distil a set of three specific interventions and trigger mechanisms applicable in the context of EIA in transport planning. 相似文献