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871.
马君 《防灾减灾工程学报》2020,(5):14-18
对国内外牵引变压器过负荷要求进行了分析,结合本单位实际遇到的过负荷计算实例,通过计算及试验验证了铁路牵引变压器过负荷能力对变压器设计的影响。 相似文献
872.
近年来,配电网中分布式能源、电动汽车等负荷的接入率越来越高,配电网的网络架构和功能趋于复杂,在电网运行中带来不少问题。基于泛在电力物联网的新形势下,对宁夏宁东地区分布式电源、电动汽车等负荷的接入以及宁东基地用户侧的用电特点进行分析,提出主动配电网建设的思路及初步治理措施,对宁东地区“十四五”电网规划建设具有一定的现实意义和参考价值。 相似文献
873.
通过分析杨房沟水电站料场开挖爆破粉尘的粒度分布特征,为改进爆破降尘工艺提供粉尘粒度学依据。在料场爆破区、工作平盘、出入沟、最终边帮等处采集粉尘样品,采用激光粒度分布仪测试粉尘样品的分散度;以粉尘粒度分布数据拟合分布函数,表明爆破粉尘的粒度分布函数呈现对数正态分布特征;与经典的罗森·拉姆勒(Rosin?Rammler)分布函数模型对比分析表明,对数正态分布函数用于描述爆破粉尘的粒度分布更加准确。基于对数正态分布函数模型,厘定爆破粉尘粒度分布参数,分析TSP、PM10、PM5、PM2.5及PM1粉尘占全尘的比例,定量表达爆破粉尘粒度分布特征。结果表明:杨房沟水电站料场爆破粉尘具有显著的对数正态分布特征;离爆破中心距离越远,粒度分布范围越窄,对人体有害粉尘占比越大;建议采用爆破粉尘捕捉吸附技术、掺和湿润性抑尘剂的水雾喷洒等降尘措施。 相似文献
874.
Water Quality during Development and Apportionment of Pollution from Rivers in Tapeng Lagoon, Taiwan
This work investigated water samples collected from Tapeng Lagoon, Taiwan. Factor analysis was conducted to explain the characteristics and the variation in the quality of water during the disassembly of oyster frames and fishery boxes. The result shows that the most important latent factors in Tapeng Lagoon are the ocean factor, primary productivity factor, and the fishery pollution factor. Canonical discriminant analysis is applied to identify the source of pollution in neighboring rivers outside Tapeng Lagoon. The two constructed discriminant functions (CDFs) showed markedly contribution to all discriminant variables, and that total nitrogen, algae, dissolved oxygen and total phosphate, combined in the nutrient effect factor. The recognition capacities in these two CDFs were 95.6%, 4.4%, respectively. The water quality in the Kaoping river most strongly determined that in the Tapeng Lagoon the best is. And disassembling the oyster frames and fishery boxes improves the water quality markedly. However, environmental topographic conditions indicate that strengthening stream pollution prevention and to constructing another entrance to the ocean are the best approaches for improving the quality of water in Tapeng Lagoon, especially by reducing eutrophication. These approaches and results yield useful information concerning habitat recovery and water resource management. 相似文献
875.
Contamination of Canadian and European bottled waters with antimony from PET containers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using clean lab methods and protocols developed for measuring Sb in polar snow and ice, we report the abundance of Sb in fifteen brands of bottled water from Canada and forty-eight from Europe. Comparison with the natural abundance of Sb in pristine groundwaters, water bottled commercially in polypropylene, analyses of source waters prior to bottling, and addition of uncontaminated groundwater to PET bottles, provides unambiguous evidence of Sb leaching from the containers. In contrast to the pristine groundwater in Ontario, Canada containing 2.2 +/- 1.2 ng l(-1) Sb, 12 brands of bottled natural waters from Canada contained 156 +/- 86 ng l(-1) and 3 brands of deionized water contained 162 +/- 30 ng l(-1); all of these were bottled in PET containers. Natural water from Ontario bottled in polypropylene contained only 8.2 +/- 0.9 ng l(-1). Comparison of three German brands of water available in both glass bottles and PET containers showed that waters bottled in PET contained up to 30 times more Sb. To confirm that the elevated Sb concentrations are due to leaching from the PET containers, water was collected in acid-cleaned LDPE bottles from a commercial source in Germany, prior to bottling; this water was found to contain 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 5), compared with the same brand of water purchased locally in PET bottles containing 359 +/- 54 ng l(-1) (n = 6). This same brand of water in PET bottles, after an additional three months of storage at room temperature, yielded 626 +/- 15 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 3). Other German brands of water in PET bottles contained 253-546 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 5). The median concentration of Sb in thirty-five brands of water bottled in PET from eleven other European countries was 343 ng l(-1) (n = 35). As an independent check of the hypothesis that Sb is leaching from PET, the pristine groundwater from Canada (containing 2.2 +/- 1.2 ng l(-1) Sb) was collected from the source using PET bottles from Germany: this water contained 50 +/- 17 ng l(-1) Sb (n = 2) after only 37 days, even though it was stored in the refrigerator, and 566 ng l(-1) after six months storage at room temperature. 相似文献
876.
Lead concentration in the surface soils from 31 playgrounds in a ward in Tokyo was measured to examine if paint chips, peeled off from playing equipment installed in the playgrounds, contribute to elevated Pb concentration in the soil of public playgrounds. Lead concentration in the paint chips sampled from playgrounds ranged from 0.003 to 8.9%. Lead concentration in the surface soil ranged from 15.2 to 237 mg kg(-1) (average, 55.5 mg kg(-1)) and higher Pb concentration was found in the soil near painted playing equipment indicating that paint chips from playing equipment contributed to increase soil Pb level of playgrounds in Tokyo. The degree of peeling-off of paint on the surface of playing equipment in the public playground (peeling-off index: POI) positively correlated with Pb concentration in the soil (Spearman rank-correlation coefficient, r = 0.366, p = 0.043). The stronger correlation between Pb concentration and isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb and Pb conc., r = 0.536, p = 0.002, 208Pb/206Pb and Pb conc. r = 0.600, p < 0.001) than that between Pb and POI indicated that gasoline Pb contributed more to the playground-to-playground variation in soil Pb concentration. It was concluded that both gasoline Pb of the past and paint chips contributed to increased Pb concentration in the surface soil of playgrounds in Tokyo, though the contribution of paint chips is smaller than gasoline Pb. 相似文献
877.
Personal aerosol samplers are widely used to monitor human exposure to airborne materials. For bioaerosols, interest is growing in analyzing samples using molecular and immunological techniques. This paper presents a personal sampler that uses a two-stage cyclone to collect bioaerosols into disposable 1.5 ml Eppendorf-type microcentrifuge tubes. Samples can be processed in the tubes for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or immunoassays, and the use of multiple stages fractionates aerosol particles by aerodynamic diameter. The sampler was tested using fluorescent microspheres and aerosolized fungal spores. The sampler had first and second stage cut-off diameters of 2.6 microm and 1.6 microm at 2 l min(-1)(geometric standard deviation, GSD = 1.45 and 1.75), and 1.8 microm and 1 microm at 3.5 l min(-1)(GSD = 1.42 and 1.55). The sampler aspiration efficiency was >or=98% at both flow rates for particles with aerodynamic diameters of 3.1 microm or less. For 6.2 microm particles, the aspiration efficiency was 89% at 2 l min(-1) and 96% at 3.5 l min(-1). At 3.5 l min(-1), the sampler collected 92% of aerosolized Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum spores inside the two microcentrifuge tubes, with less than 0.4% of the spores collecting on the back-up filter. The design and techniques given here are suitable for personal bioaerosol sampling, and could also be adapted to design larger aerosol samplers for longer-term atmospheric and indoor air quality sampling. 相似文献
878.
879.
为了给放射性废物填埋场选址、设计、建造和安全评估提供科学支撑,选择3种代表性质地的土壤(砂土、粉质壤土、黏土),采用室内动态土柱法,通过3个土柱体剖面Sr-90的浓度分布曲线和浓度峰迁移距离,研究Sr-90在不同质地土壤介质中的吸附特性和迁移规律。砂土、粉质壤土、黏土的喷淋量分别为60 m L/d、52 m L/d、60 m L/d,试验时间分别为102 d、390 d、390 d。试验结束后Sr-90浓度峰在砂土、粉质壤土、黏土中垂直向下迁移了46.2 cm、3.0 cm、1.2 cm。Sr-90在砂土柱剖面的浓度分布曲线存在明显的不对称性和拖尾,即Sr-90从源层上洗脱下来后,受到砂土介质的吸附作用,待浓度峰值通过后,更多的Sr-90从之前的砂土介质中解吸出来,使得很长时间段内土柱体中保持相对较高的浓度,该现象在粉质壤土和黏土不明显。应用HYDRUS-1D软件建立平衡吸附、非平衡吸附两种模式下的核素迁移数值模型,发现砂土柱中两种模式的计算结果差别较大,粉质壤土、黏土柱两种模式的计算结果却逐渐接近,非平衡吸附模式考虑一级速率系数β能更好地描述浓度分布曲线的"拖尾"。Sr-90在砂土、粉质壤土、黏土中的一级速率系数β分别为0.56 d-1、13.2 d-1、42.0 d-1,随β增大,吸附、解吸速率加快,越容易达到平衡。 相似文献
880.
为了保障吊拖船队通过顺直航道的航行安全,充分考虑吊拖船队的柔性结构特征和航道条件,深入研究限制性航道顺直航段航道特点,运用船舶操纵与引航理论,建立以吊拖船队为研究对象的顺直航段航道宽度计算模型,从而确定针对航道宽度的吊拖船队通过顺直航段的安全限制因素,运用实船试验数据和现有航道维护尺度对建立的公式进行验算。提出了符合我国运河航道条件和吊拖船队航行特点的运河限制性航道顺直航段航道宽度计算公式,以期为保障吊拖船队在顺直航道安全航行提供理论支撑,弥补我国运河以吊拖船队为主要船型的航道技术尺度计算方面的不足。 相似文献