Removal of SO2 from smelting flue gas by using copper tailings with MnSO4: factors optimization by response surface methodology

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The abatement of SO2 and the utilization of copper tailings are identified as two attention-attracting environmental issues in the copper smelter. In...     

Groundwater geochemical signatures and implication for sustainable development in a typical endorheic watershed on Tibetan plateau

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Groundwater resource is significantly important for sustainable development of the world, especially for arid endorheic watersheds. A total of 28...     

Concentrations,spatial distribution,and pollution assessment of heavy metals in surficial sediments from upstream of Yellow River,China

Surface sediments were collected from 122 sites in the upstream of the Yellow River, China. The concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd in sediments was investigated to explore the spatial distribution based on statistics and interpolation method. The results suggested that the concentrations of heavy metals were lower than potential effect levels (PEL). The samples above threshold effect level (TEL) for Pb and Zn were less than 10%, while almost 50% of samples for Ni exceeded PEL. Pb and Zn in sediments performed little or no adverse effects on the aquatic ecosystems. Higher concentrations of all heavy metals occurred in Qinghai and Gansu sections; the concentrations of Cu, Ni, and Zn were significantly higher than the Inner Mongolia section. Lower concentration of Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn appeared in Qinghai section; the concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cr, and Pb manifested relatively steady and similar distributions and approximately decreasing tendency along the upstream of Yellow River.

     

Uptake and distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cultivated plants around an E-waste disposal site in Southern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air, soil, and cultivated plants at e-waste disposal sites in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, were determined...     

以农田高盐排水为替代镁源回收养殖废水中的磷素

为解决新疆南疆地区养殖废水高浓度氮磷和农田排水中的高浓度盐分的协同污染问题,以农田高盐排水为镁源对模拟养殖废水中的磷进行了回收实验,对比了高盐排水和常规镁源的磷回收效率,探讨了影响其回收的主要因素,并通过正交试验获得了高盐排水回收磷的最优反应条件.与常规MgC12镁源的磷回收对比分析结果表明,pH=10时高盐排水回收磷的效率最高,比MgCl2镁源达最大回收率所需的反应pH略高;利用L34正交试验探究了pH(8、9、10、11)、Mg:P摩尔比(1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5)、N:P摩尔比(1.0、1.5、2.0、4.0)对高盐排水镁源回收磷的影响,并结合SPSS统计分析得到高盐排水回收磷的最优反应条件为pH=10、n(Mg):n(P)=2.5,n(N):n(P)=4;高盐排水中的HCO3-和SO42-离子对磷回收有抑制作用,而Ca2+离子对磷回收有促进作用;XRD和SEM-EDS分析表明,高盐排水回收磷的产物以鸟粪石为主,并夹杂着磷灰石和粘土矿物等杂质.整体上,以高盐排水作为替代镁源回收磷的效果较好,本研究为解决鸟粪石沉淀法的镁源问题提供了一种新思路.     

气相防锈技术在电器设备防腐中的应用

目的研究新型气相防锈剂对电器设备的防护效果及电性能的影响,解决电器设备服役过程中的腐蚀防护问题。方法采用中性盐雾试验对新型气相防锈剂对电器设备的防护效果进行测试,并通过绝缘电阻、介电常数、电容、表面电阻、体积电阻、电阻、耐击穿电压等测试了新型气相防锈剂对电器元件、电器设备电性能的影响。结果中性盐雾试验240 h后,无新型气相防锈剂保护的电器设备锈蚀严重,有新型气相防锈剂保护的电器设备锈蚀相对微弱;电路板原材料环氧树脂板、安规电器元件、电器设备与气防锈发散体直接接触720 h后,各自的电性能基本上没有变化,同时电器设备的正常功能也不受影响。结论新型气相防锈剂对电器设备有较好的防护效果,且不影响其电性能,可将其应用到电器设备实际运行过程中,解决电器设备服役过程中的腐蚀防护问题。     

基于大气被动式采样的人体头发中类二(口恶)英多氯联苯暴露的途径

本研究通过分析采集自云南省开远市的13个树皮混合样品和13个相应的头发混合样品中DL-PCBs的水平、同族体分布及相关性,研究了当地人群对DL-PCBs的主要暴露途径.结果表明,云南开远树皮和头发样品中DL-PCBs的含量分别为4.0~88.9 pg·g^-1和4.1~19.3 pg·g^-1,其在当地环境和人体中的污染程度均较轻.树皮和头发样品中主要的DL-PCB同族体均是PCB-118,分别占总含量的48%和61%.树皮样品中DL-PCBs的各同族体具有相同的源,其主要的来源可能是大气的长距离输移.云南开远市居民头发中的PCBs可能来源于内部暴露和外部暴露的综合作用,其中外部暴露对低氯代PCBs的贡献要高于高氯代PCBs.     

Shifts in microbial community structure and diversity in a MBR combined with worm reactors treating synthetic wastewater

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₃-N removal, membrane fouling, sludge characteristics and microbial community structure in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with worm reactors (SSBWR) were evaluated for 210 days. The obtained results were compared to those from a conventional MBR (C-MBR) operated in parallel. The results indicated that the combined MBR (S-MBR) achieved higher COD and NH₃-N removal efficiency, slower increase in membrane fouling, better sludge settleability and higher activities of the related enzymes in the activated sludge. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the microbial community structures in the C-MBR and the S-MBR. The microbial community structure in the S-MBR was more diverse than that in the C-MBR. Additionally, the slow-growing microbes such as Saprospiraceae, Actinomyces, Frankia, Clostridium, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Dechloromonas and Flavobacterium were enriched in the S-MBR, further accounting for the sludge reduction, membrane fouling alleviation and wastewater treatment.     

北京市郊区夏季臭氧重污染特征及生成效率

为研究北京郊区夏季O₃(臭氧)重污染过程特征及O₃生成的光化学敏感性,基于2016年夏季在北京郊区开展的针对O₃及其相关污染物的强化观测试验(7月23日—8月31日,共计40 d),分析了观测期间O₃浓度[以φ(O₃)计]变化特征、O₃重污染过程主控因素与O₃敏感性化学特征.结果表明:观测期间φ(O₃)超标时有发生,最大小时φ(O₃)为151.1×10-9,其中有15 d的φ(O₃)最大8 h滑动平均值(O₃-max-8h)超过了GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准限值,占观测天数的37.5%;不同O₃重污染过程成因有所不同,城市烟羽传输的污染物对郊区O₃重污染过程影响显著(观测期间臭氧重污染过程:过程1,7月27—29日;过程3,8月9—11日;过程4,8月16日;过程5,8月21—24日),区域光化学污染对郊区O₃重污染过程也有贡献(观测期间O₃重污染过程2:8月4—6日);结合后向气流轨迹进一步辅助说明了不同重污染过程中O₃的来源不同.研究还发现,观测区域存在反“周末效应”现象,说明观测区域周末受人为影响较为明显;基于观测数据计算的OPE(O₃生成效率)分析了O₃光化学敏感性表明,在有OPE值的22 d内NO_x控制区和VOCs控制区出现的概率(41%)相等,即观测区域O₃对NO_x和VOCs均敏感;此外还发现,在O₃重污染过程中光化学敏感性会随其反应进程发生改变,由NO_x控制区逐渐转变为VOCs控制区.      

Capability of cation exchange technology to remove proven N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors

N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) precursors consist of a positively charged dimethylamine group and a non-polar moiety, which inspired us to develop a targeted cation exchange technology to remove NDMA precursors. In this study, we tested the removal of two representative NDMA precursors, dimethylamine(DMA) and ranitidine(RNTD), by strong acidic cation exchange resin. The results showed that pH greatly affected the exchange efficiency, with high removal(DMA 78% and RNTD 94%) observed at pH pk_a-1 when the molar ratio of exchange capacity to precursor was 4. The exchange order was obtained as follows: Ca~(2+) Mg~(2+) RNTD~+ K~+ DMA~+ NH_4~+ Na~+. The partition coefficient of DMA~+to Na~+was 1.41 ± 0.26, while that of RNTD~+to Na~+was 12.1 ± 1.9. The pseudo second-order equation fitted the cation exchange kinetics well. Bivalent inorganic cations such as Ca~(2+)were found to have a notable effect on NA precursor removal in softening column test. Besides DMA and RNTD, cation exchange process also worked well for removing other 7 model NDMA precursors. Overall, NDMA precursor removal can be an added benefit of making use of cation exchange water softening processes.