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61.
62.
Justin D. K. Bishop Gehan A. J. Amaratunga Cuauhtemoc Rodriguez 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2010,12(2):213-231
Anthropogenic climate and land-use change are leading to irreversible losses of global biodiversity, upon which ecosystem
functioning depends. Since total species' well-being depends on ecosystem goods and services, man must determine how much
net primary productivity (NPP) may be appropriated and carbon emitted so as to not adversely impact this and future generations.
In 2005, man ought to have only appropriated 9.72 Pg C of NPP, representing a factor 2.50, or 59.93%, reduction in human-appropriated
NPP in that year. Concurrently, the carbon cycle would have been balanced with a factor 1.26, or 20.84%, reduction from 7.60
Gt C/year to 5.70 Gt C/year, representing a return to the 1986 levels. This limit is in keeping with the category III stabilization
scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change. Projecting population growth to 2030 and its associated basic
food requirements, the maximum HANPP remains at 9.74 ± 0.02 Pg C/year. This time-invariant HANPP may only provide for the
current global population of 6.51 billion equitably at the current average consumption of 1.49 t C per capita, calling into
question the sustainability of developing countries striving for high-consuming country levels of 5.85 t C per capita and
its impacts on equitable resource distribution. 相似文献
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64.
The John Heinz National Wildlife Refuge is subject to pollution from multiple sources. We studied development of snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) and painted turtle (Chrysemys picta) embryos from the refuge from 2000 through 2003. Mean annual deformity rate of pooled painted turtle clutches over four years ranged from 45 to 71%, while that of snapping turtle clutches ranged from 13 to 19%. Lethal deformities were more common than minor or moderate deformities in embryos of both species. Adult painted turtles had a higher deformity rate than adult snapping turtles. Snapping turtles at JHNWR had high levels of PAH contamination in their fat. This suggests that PAHs are involved in the high level of deformities. Other contaminants may also play a role. Although the refuge offers many advantages to resident turtle populations, pollution appears to place a developmental burden on the life history of these turtles. 相似文献
65.
To effectively use a passive sampler for monitoring trace contaminants in the gas-phase, its sampling characteristics as a function of ambient wind conditions must be known. In this study two commonly used passive samplers were evaluated using computational fluid dynamics. Contaminant uptake by the polyurethane foam (PUF) was modeled using a species transport model. The external-internal flow interactions in the sampler were characterized, and the uptake rates of contaminant species were quantified. The simulations show that flow fields in the samplers have strong velocity gradients, and single-point velocity measurements do not capture flow interactions accurately. Sampling rates calculated for a PUF in freestream are in good agreement with sampling rates for PUFs in the passive samplers studied for the same average velocity over the PUF. The calculated sampling rates are in general agreement with those obtained experimentally by other researchers. 相似文献
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Nicolas Gruchy Eleonore Blondeel Nathalie Le Meur Géraldine Joly-Hélas Pascal Chambon Marianne Till Martine Herbaux Adeline Vigouroux-Castera Aurélie Coussement James Lespinasse Florence Amblard Mélanie Jimenez Pocquet Camille Lebel-Roy Frédérique Carré-Pigeon Elisabeth Flori Francine Mugneret Sylvie Jaillard Catherine Yardin Radu Harbuz Marie-Agnès Collonge-Rame Philippe Vago Mylène Valduga Nathalie Leporrier François Vialard 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(6):523-529
68.
Advanced paternal age (APA) is associated with infertility and other reproductive risks. Studies looking at APA and outcomes have used different paternal age cut-offs, which has complicated systematic evaluations of reproductive risk associated with paternal aging. This review of the literature suggests that the impact of paternal aging on adverse reproductive outcomes is small, but significant. Studies suggest the incidence of paternal age effect disorders attributed to de novo autosomal dominant mutations is less than 0.5%. Other risks associated with APA include infertility, miscarriage, birth defects, poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and childhood cancer. Although the increasing prevalence of APA has mirrored the rise in maternal age, this topic has not received similar attention. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the reproductive risks associated with APA to provide a framework for comprehensive genetic counseling and evidence-based management of APA pregnancies. 相似文献
69.
Bonny Patrice Desdouits Marion Schaeffer Julien Garry Pascal Essia Ngang Jean Justin Le Guyader Françoise S. 《Food and environmental virology》2020,12(3):274-277
Food and Environmental Virology - Shellfish constitute an important protein source but may be contaminated by viruses from various origins. A study performed on clams collected in Cameroon showed a... 相似文献
70.
Dodard SG Powlowski J Sunahara GI 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,131(2):263-273
2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is toxic to soil invertebrates, but little is known about its toxicokinetic behavior in soil. Tissue residue analysis was used to evaluate whether the presence of TNT and its reduced metabolites in soil invertebrates was due to uptake of these compounds from the soil into the organism, or due to microbial transformation of TNT associated with the organism followed by uptake. Adult white potworms (Enchytraeus albidus) were exposed to non-lethal concentrations of TNT in amended artificial soil for 21 d, or to TNT in solution for 20 h. Soil exposure studies confirmed earlier reports that TNT was transformed in enchytraeids in vivo to 2- and 4-aminodinitrotoluenes. However, enchytraeid exposure to TNT in solution led to the additional presence of 2,4-diaminonitrotoluene as well as 2- and 4- hydroxyamino-dinitrotoluenes and azoxy-compounds, suggesting that TNT can be metabolized in vivo in the absence of soil. Incubation of unexposed enchytraeid homogenates with TNT led to a protein-dependent appearance of these metabolites in vitro after > or =16 h incubation. Cellular fractionation studies indicated that most of this activity resided in the 8000 x g pellet, and was completely inhibited by broad-spectrum antibiotics. These studies demonstrate that enchytraeids can transform TNT in vivo and in vitro, at least in part, by bacteria associated with the host organism. 相似文献