Anthraquinone acted as a catalyst for the removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group: Characteristics and mechanism

Herein, we found that anthraquinone (AQ) acted as a catalyst for the rapid and effective removal of triphenylmethane dye containing tertiary amino group (TDAG). Results showed that AQ had an enhanced catalytic reactivity towards the removal of TDAG compared to hydro-quinone, which was further proved and explained using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. AQs could achieve a TDAG removal efficiency and rate of approximately 100% and 0.3583 min⁻¹, respectively, within 20 min. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests indicated that the superoxide radical (O₂^•−) generated through the catalytic reduction of an oxygen molecule (O₂) by AQ contributed to the effective removal of the TDAG. In addition, it was found that the electrophilic attack of the O₂^•− radical on the TDAG was the driving force for the dye degradation process. Decreasing the pH led to protonation of the substituted group of AG, which resulted in formation of an electron deficient center in the TDAG molecule (TDAG-EDC⁺) through delocalization of the π electron. Therefore, the possibility of the electrophilic attack for the dye by the negative O₂^•- radical was significantly enhanced. This study revealed that the H⁺ and the O₂^•− generated by the catalytic reduction of O₂ have synergistic effects that led to a significant increase in the dye removal rate and efficiency, which were higher than those obtained through persulfate oxidation.     

Improvements on physical conditions of bauxite residue following application of organic materials

Soil formation and ecological rehabilitation is the most promising strategy to eliminate environmental risks of bauxite residue disposal areas. Its poor physical structure is nevertheless a major limitation to plant growth. Organic materials were demonstrated as effective ameliorants to improve the physical conditions of bauxite residue. In this study, three different organic materials including straw (5% W/W), humic acid (5% W/W), and humic acid-acrylamide polymer (0.2% and 0.4%, W/W) were selected to evaluate their effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue pretreated by phosphogypsum following a 120-day incubation experiment. The proportion of 2-1 mm macro-aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GWD) increased following organic materials addition, which indicated that organic materials could enhance aggregate stability. Compared with straw, and humic acid, humic acid-acrylamide polymer application had improved effects on the formation of water-stable aggregates in the residues. Furthermore, organic materials increased the total porosity, total pore volume and average pore diameter, and reduced the micropore content according to nitrogen gas adsorption (NA) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analysis, whilst enhancing water retention of the residues based on water characteristic curves. Compared with traditional organic wastes, humic acid-acrylamide polymer could be regarded as a candidate according to the comprehensive consideration of the additive amount and the effects on physical conditions of bauxite residue. These findings could provide a novel application to both Ca-contained acid solid waste and high-molecular polymers on ecological rehabilitation at disposal areas.     

High-throughput analysis of the effects of different fish culture methods on antibiotic resistance gene abundances in a lake

Freshwater lakes are important reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we determined the ARG profiles in water samples from Ying Lake, China, using high-throughput quantitative PCR. The high prevalence of ARGs suggested significant pollution with ARGs in the study area, where the ARG diversity and abundance were greater in an area with box-type fish farming than an area with fenced fish farming. Network analysis indicated the widespread co-occurrence of ARGs and mobile genetic elements. cphA-01, blalMP02, and blaCMY202 were identified as adequate indicator genes for estimating the total ARG abundances. Redundancy analysis indicated that changes in the microbial communities caused by variations in the physicochemical parameters with different fish culture methods mainly determined the ARGs in the lake system. Thus, analyzing the factors that affect ARGs provided novel insights into the mechanisms responsible for the maintenance and propagation of ARGs in a lake.

     

Red mud-modified biochar reduces soil arsenic availability and changes bacterial composition

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Worldwide arsenic (As) contamination in soils induces pollution of surface and ground waters, reduces crop quality and yield, and threatens human health....     

Preparation of montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite and study on its adsorption properties of lanthanum ions from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Montmorillonite grafted polyacrylic acid composite (GNM) was prepared by using ultraviolet radiation grafting method in this work. The synthesized...     

基于储层非均质的水淹水窜风险评价

水淹和水窜是油田在水驱开发时常见的安全问题,储层非均质性是引起水淹和水窜的主要原因之一。为研究储层非均质性对于水淹水窜的作用,通过层次聚类分析法建立储层非均质综合指数关系式,并将其转化为水淹水窜风险概率,把水淹水窜风险概率进行分级,以此判断非均质性对于水淹水窜的作用。以BD油田阜二段第三砂层组为例进行水淹水窜风险评估,结果表明:研究区非均质性严重,水淹水窜风险概率均大于80%,储层非均性极容易导致油田在注水开发时发生水淹水窜。该区在注水开发时需要重视工艺设计与防护措施,以降低水淹水窜风险。     

高效处理草甘膦废水菌株的筛选

通过选择性富集、驯化培养、划线分离纯化,从三峡大学求索溪及宜昌某化工集团污水处理厂次生池、终生池和排污口4处活性污泥中分离得到菌株XF100,其中排污口的活性污泥中菌株XF100含量最大,其降解能力最强.经APT鉴定,菌株XF100为水生棒状杆菌(Corynebacterricus aquaticum).由单因子优化法实验得出菌株XF100降解草甘膦废水的最适条件:温度为30℃,pH为9.0,底物浓度为300 ml·1-1.最适条件下草甘膦废水降解率可达79.46%,其矿化程度较高.     

城镇化与绿地退化对城市热环境影响研究

城市的发展和城市化进程的加速,导致建设用地的迅速膨胀和生态景观绿地的急剧减少,最终改变了城市热环境。以广州南部快速发展区为例,基于Landsat6遥感影像数据定量分析城市化及绿地系统的变化情况及其城市地表热场和热岛效应空间分布情况,探讨城市热场及热岛效应受城市化和绿地退化（以NDVI为表征）影响的定量关系。研究表明,广州南部地区的热环境状况与其地形特征之间有较密切的联系,城市热环境的分布变化与城镇建设用地和NDVI的分布变化有一定的相关性,特别是与NDVI呈现线性负相关,即地表温度随着归一化植被指数的增大而降低。结果表明,城镇化与绿地退化是导致城市热岛分布变化的影响因素之一。最后从生态角度出发,提出通过构建城市点状绿岛和带状生态廊道来改善城市热环境的可能性。     

三邻甲苯磷酸酯对大鼠C6星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞作用

三邻甲苯磷酸酯(tri-o-cresyl phosphate,TOCP)是一种有机磷酸酯类化合物,具神经毒性作用。研究表明星形胶质细胞是有机磷化合物(organophosphorus compounds,OPs)神经毒性作用的靶点之一。为了探讨TOCP对星形胶质细胞的毒性作用,采用大鼠C6星形胶质细胞分别经0.1、0.3、1.0和3.0 mmol·L-1TOCP染毒处理24 h,应用MTT比色法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力分析法检测细胞活力,在电子相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)比色法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,流式细胞仪检测分析细胞周期。结果显示,经TOCP处理24 h后,大鼠C6星形胶质细胞存活率降低,LDH释放增加,细胞形态也发生了明显的变化。GSH含量和GSH-Px活性降低,G1期细胞数量也逐渐增加。上述结果表明,TOCP对星形胶质细胞具有毒性作用,引起氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞。     

小麦秸秆生物碳质吸附剂从水中吸附硝基苯的机理

在炭化温度为300℃下,以小麦秸秆为材料制备生物碳质吸附剂,采用批量平衡试验,研究了其对水中硝基苯的吸附特性,并从动力学及热力学角度探讨其吸附硝基苯的作用机理.结果表明,硝基苯在生物碳质上的吸附过程符合拉格朗日假二级动力学方程,反应活化能为12.2 kJ/mol;吸附行为可用Freundlich吸附等温方程描述,饱和吸附容量为91.58 mg/g.由吸附热力学方程计算得到的等量吸附焓变(ΔH)<0,吸附自由能变(ΔG)<0,吸附熵变(ΔS)>0,表明生物碳质对硝基苯的吸附为放热和熵减少的自发过程.