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161.
Performance of different microalgal species in removing nickel and zinc from industrial wastewater 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A series of batch experiments was conducted to compare the ability of 11 microalgal species of the same cell density in removing nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) from synthetic wastewater. These included Chlorella vulgaris (commercially available), Chlorella sorokiniana and Scenedesmus quadricauda (isolates from polluted water of Wuhan, China), and eight different isolates from Hong Kong. The Wuhan isolate of Scenedesmus removed most Ni, probably due to its large biomass. Nickel concentration was reduced from an initial 30 to 0.9 mg/l after 5 min (97% Ni removal), and further declined to 0.4 mg/l after 90 min of treatment. In wastewater containing 30 mg/l Ni and 30 mg/l Zn, more than 98%, Ni and Zn were removed simultaneously at the end of 5 min treatment, indicating that the presence of Zn in wastewater did not affect Ni removal by this Scenedesmus isolate. The second most effective species for Ni removal was an isolate, tentatively identified as Chlorella miniata, Ni concentration was reduced to 10 mg/l after 90 min, and was only slightly interfered by the presence of Zn. In terms of metal removal per unit biomass or unit surface area of algal cells, C. miniata was the best species in removing Ni and Zn. At the other extreme, one Hong Kong isolate (Synechocystis sp.) did not remove any Ni and only achieved 40% Zn removal. Performance of the other isolates was comparable with the commercial C. vulgaris, less than 50% Ni was removed after 5 h of treatment and Ni removal was significantly reduced by the presence of Zn. All algae tested were found to be viable, showing these 11 species could tolerate a mixture of 30 mg/l Ni and 30 mg/l Zn in wastewater. 相似文献
162.
Green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, were collected from Kat O, Yim Tin Tsai, Ma Liu Shui and Tap Mun around Tolo Harbour and six local markets in Hong Kong (Aberdeen, Shau Kei Wan, Kowloon City, Mongkok, Yuen Long) and Shenzhen (Dongmun) between July 1994 and February 1995 and analysed for cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The metal concentrations of mussels collected from the study sites were Cd (0.45-1.44 microg/g), Cr (0.82-4.89 microg/g), Cu (6.02-23.99 microg/g), Ni (3.25-6.87 microg/g), Pb (2.02-4.36 microg/g) and Zn (90-135 microg/g), while those from the markets were Cd (0.27-1.44 microg/g), Cr (1.09-3.30 microg/g), Cu (9.05-17.8 microg/g), Ni (2.44-5.25 microg/g), Pb (1.17-5 microg/g) and Zn (51-103 microg/g). The metal concentrations were below the maximum permissible levels set by the Hong Kong Government. In addition, seasonal variation of metal accumulation in mussels was investigated in Yim Tin Tsai and Ma Liu Shui and a reduction in the total heavy metal concentrations during winter was noted. The non-carcinogenic hazard index of mussels collected from Tolo Harbour and from Hong Kong markets was between 0.46 and 1.36 compared with those from Shenzhen markets (0.85-1.46), which indicated a low but possible risk in consuming the mussels. 相似文献
163.
Using radiotracer (14C) and microscopic observation, we demonstrated that mussels (Mytilus edulis and Perna viridis) could be predators of mesozooplankton (rotifer Brachionus plicatilis). At radio-labelled rotifer densities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 individual ml−1, faecal pellets of mussels showed different degrees of radio signals and most of the faecal pellets were expelled 4 h after
pulse feeding on rotifers. The maximum gut retention time (GRT) of 14C-labelled rotifers in the digestive diverticula did not o show any significant difference between the two mussel species
or the different densities of rotifers, and the averaged GRT was 43.4±3.06 h (mean ± SE). At a rotifer density of 4.5 individual ml−1, rotifer lorica pieces and rotifer bodies without eggs were found in faeces of M. edulis, while in the pseudofaeces, only complete rotifer bodies were found. 相似文献
164.
Dr A. Ghosh J. S. K. Woo C. W. Wan C. Machenry V. Wong H. K. Ma Vivian Chan T. K. Chan 《黑龙江环境通报》1985,5(1):59-65
Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) levels were determined on 25 β-thalassaemia carriers by the microcolumn method and were found to range from 4.5–7.2 per cent (mean 5.2±0.82 S.D.). The haemoglobin level (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), plasma ferritin and HbA2 levels were measured on a further 299 cconsecutive Chinese pregnant women at a gestation of less than 24 weeks. 18 patients (6 per cent) had HbA2 level greater than 4.5 per cent and were diagnosed to be β-thalassaemic carriers. It was observed that all these patients had a MCV below 75 fl. If this level is selected in a screening procedure based on measurement of MCV alone all β-thalassaemia carriers could be detected and 11 per cent of the population screened would require HbA2 estimation. At a lower cut-off level of 70 fl, 8 per cent of the population screened wouid require HbA2 measurement (a decrease of 27 per cent) but the detection rate will be lowered considerably (83 per cent). The high false positive rate at all cut-off levels of MCV was largely due to the prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in the population. Estimation of plasma ferritin level in patients with low MCV will reduce this false positive rate, but there will be a considerable delay in diagnosis in patients with concomitant iron deficiency and β-thalassaemia. The presence of iron deficiency in β-thalassaemia carriers did not reduce their HbA2 level below the diagnostic range in this study. Measurement of Hb level did not appear to be useful as a screening method since one third of the β-thalassaemia carriers had a Hb level over 11 g/dl. The validity of the MCV cut-off levels derived from the first part of the study was assessed in screening a larger population. 61 β-thalassaemia carriers (6 per cent) were detected out of 1166 patients screened. This incidence was not significantly different from the first part of the study. All these 61 patients had a MCV less than 75 ml. It was concluded that a two-step screening policy, based on MCV measurement followed by HbA2 estimation when the MCV value is less than 75 fl, is suitable for our population. It is efficient, straight forward with excellent sensitivity and required less time and effort for both laboratory staff and clinicians. 相似文献
165.
When investigating the impact of air pollution on health, particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter(PM_(2.5)) is considered more harmful than particulates of other sizes. Therefore, studies of PM_(2.5) have attracted more attention. Beijing, the capital of China,is notorious for its serious air pollution problem, an issue which has been of great concern to the residents, government, and related institutes for decades. However, in China,significantly less time has been devoted to observing PM_(2.5) than for PM_(10). Especially before 2013, the density of the PM_(2.5) ground observation network was relatively low, and the distribution of observation stations was uneven. One solution is to estimate PM_(2.5) concentrations from the existing data on PM_(10). In the present study, by analyzing the relationship between the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10), and the meteorological conditions for each season in Beijing from 2008 to 2014, a U-shaped relationship was found between the daily maximum wind speed and the daily PM concentration, including both PM_(2.5) and PM_(10). That is, the relationship between wind speed and PM concentration is not a simple positive or negative correlation in these wind directions; their relationship has a complex effect, with higher PM at low and high wind than for moderate winds.Additionally, in contrast to previous studies, we found that the PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) ratio is proportional to the mean relative humidity(MRH). According to this relationship, for each season we established a multiple nonlinear regression(MNLR) model to estimate the PM_(2.5) concentrations of the missing periods. 相似文献
166.
Kin-Che Lam Weichun Ma Pak Kin Chan Wing Chi Hui King Lam Chung Yi-tak Teresa Chung Chun Yin Wong Hui Lin 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(12):9683-9695
This paper reports on a study which explored the possible relationship between road traffic noisescape and urban form in Hong Kong. A total of 212 residential complexes from 11 contrasting urban forms were sampled, and their noise levels assessed both at dwelling and neighbourhood scales by noise mapping. Its findings indicate that residential complexes with different urban forms have significantly different noisescape attributes. There is a strong correlation between the noise characteristics and morphological indicators at the dwelling scale. A less obstreperous noisescape is associated with urban forms with lower road and building densities, and with building arrangements which provide self-noise screening. These findings suggest that urban form is an influential determinant of the noisescape in the urban environment, and they point to the need to rethink the conventional approach to managing the urban acoustic environment. 相似文献
167.
168.
Soon-An Ong Ohm-Mar Min Li-Ngee Ho Yee-Shian Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(5):3405-3413
The objective of this study was to examine the effects of adsorbability and number of sulfonate group on solar photocatalytic degradation of mono azo methyl orange (MO) and diazo Reactive Green 19 (RG19) in single and binary dye solutions. The adsorption capacity of MO and RG19 onto the TiO2 was 16.9 and 26.8 mg/g, respectively, in single dye solution, and reduced to 5.0 and 23.1 mg/g, respectively, in the binary dye solution. The data obtained for photocatalytic degradation of MO and RG19 in single and binary dye solution were well fitted with the Langmuir–Hinshelwood kinetic model. The pseudo-first-order rate constants of diazo RG19 were significant higher than the mono azo MO either in single or binary dye solutions. The higher number of sulfonate group in RG19 contributed to better adsorption capacity onto the surface of TiO2 than MO indicating greater photocatalytic degradation rate. 相似文献
169.
Teresa Catry Jaime A. Ramos Inês Catry David Monticelli José P. Granadeiro 《Marine Biology》2013,160(5):1189-1201
We investigated inter-annual variability in the breeding performance of six tropical seabirds with different life histories. We further examined the extent to which presumed differences among years in food availability to seabirds were related to large-scale oceanic processes (El Niño Southern Oscillation and Indian Ocean Dipole) or local features around the colony (Sea Surface Temperature—SST, chlorophyll-a concentration, wind patterns, association with underwater predators). Two food shortages were recorded: (1) a short-term event operating at a local-scale, lacking any relationship with any measured oceanographic parameters and affecting only a few seabird species; (2) a generalized and protracted event, strikingly characterized by low SST, possibly induced by a La Niña and/or negative IOD event, and with detrimental impacts in the whole seabird community. Overall, species with inflexible feeding habits and fast chick growth rates were more affected by food shortage events than those with more plastic life-history traits. 相似文献
170.