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101.
Kannan K Kajiwara N Le Boeuf BJ Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2004,131(3):425-434
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, chlordanes, HCHs, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dieldrin, heptachlor epoxide, tris(4-chlorophenyl)methane (TCPMe), and tris(4-chlorophenyl)methanol (TCPMOH) were measured in the blubber of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) collected in 2000. DDTs were the most predominant contaminants, followed by PCBs, chlordanes, TCPMe, HCHs, TCPMOH, dieldrin, and heptachlor epoxide. Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs varied from a few microg/g to several hundreds of microg/g on a lipid weight basis. Concentrations of DDTs have declined by an order of magnitude over the last three decades in California sea lions; nevertheless, the measured concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in California sea lions are still some of the highest values reported for marine mammals in recent years. Concentrations of organochlorines were highly correlated with one another. Concentrations of PCBs and DDTs in the blubber of gray whale, humpback whale, northern elephant seal, and harbor seal, and in the adipose fat of sea otter, were lower than the levels found in California sea lions, and were in the range of a few to several microg/g on a lipid weight basis. 相似文献
102.
Kurunthachalam Kannan Simonetta Corsoline Takashi Imagaws Silvano Focardi John P.Giesy 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2002,31(3):207-211
我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量. 相似文献
103.
Tanabe S Falandysz J Higaki T Kannan K Tatsukawa R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1993,79(1):45-49
Concentrations of PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls) and organochlorine insecticides such as DDT, HCHs (hexachlorocyclohexanes), HCB (hexachlorobenzene) and chlordanes were determined in human adipose fat from the provinces of Skierniewice and Gdańsk in Poland collected during 1979 and 1990, respectively. The mean levels (microg g(-1) lipid weight basis) in Skierniewice and Gdańsk were found to be 1.2+/-0.44 and 1.5+/-1.3 for PCBs, 25+/-16 and 15+/-13 for DDT, 0.53+/-0.17 and 0.25+/-0.09 for HCHs, 0.36+/-0.22 and 0.26+/-0.23 for HCB, and 0.11+/-0.08 and 0.07+/-0.04 for chlordanes, respectively. Very high concentrations of DDT were detected, with the maximum value as high as 52 microg g(-1) lipid weight in Skierniewice and 47 microg g(-1) lipid weight in Gdańsk. PCB residues contained in the human fat from Polish cadavers are comparable to those of the levels reported for industrialized nations. It is appraised from the levels of DDT and PCBs in Poles' fat that the Polish environment is still experiencing both types of contamination, arising from agricultural and industrial activities. Contamination of humans by other organochlorine insecticides was relatively lower. 相似文献
104.
Tanabe S Kannan K Tabucanon MS Siriwong C Ambe Y Tatsukawa R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1991,72(3):191-203
Raw foodstuffs collected from Bangkok, Thailand, were analysed for the presence of PCBs, DDTs, HCHs (BHCs). HCB, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide. Residues of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides were detected in all the samples analysed. Concentrations of PCBs did not reach the tolerance limit set forth by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The concentrations of SigmaHCH were higher than those of SigmaDDT in all the farm products while the levels of SigmaDDT were greater in fishes including fish flakes and fishmeal. Meat samples recorded higher concentrations of SigmaDDT and dieldrin than SigmaHCH. Comparing the levels of organochlorines in foodstuffs from Bangkok, considerable levels of aldrin and dieldrin indicate the need for concern from the food safety point of view because of their much higher toxicity than DDT and other organochlorines. However, the levels did not exceed the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) recommended by FAO/WHO. Food contamination by HCB, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide is comparatively lower. 相似文献
105.
R. RAJESH KANNAN M. RAJASIMMAN N. RAJAMOHAN B. SIVAPRAKASH 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(1):116-122
In this study, the biosorption of Malachite green (MG) onto Turbinaria conoides, brown marine algae, was studied with respect to initial pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, and sorbent dosage. The optimum initial pH and temperature values for MG removal were found to be 8.0 and 30°C, respectively. Sorbent dosage was found to strongly influence the removal of MG. Equilibrium studies were carried out to test the validity of the Langmuir (q max = 66.6 mg/g and b = 0.526 mL mol/L) and the Freundlich (n = 1.826 and K = 3.751 mg/g) isotherms. The kinetic studies indicated the validity of the pseudo first-order and second-order equation. 相似文献
106.
Kurunthachalam Senthilkumar Carolyn A. Duda Daniel L. Villeneuve Kurunthachalam Kannan Jerzy Falandysz John P. Giesy 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):200-206
Concentrations of mono- (MBT), di- (DBT), and tri-(TBT) butyltin compounds were measured in eggs, liver, and muscle of nine
species of fish from four regions of the Baltic Sea - the Firth of Vistula, the Gulf of Gdańsk, Puck Bay, and the mouth of
the Vistula River. The overall concentration ranges among all the fish sampled from the four sites were: < 7 to 79 ng/g for
MBT, 6 to 1100 ng/g for DBT, 7 to 3600 ng/g for TBT, and 16 to 4800 ng/g for total BTs, on a wet wt basis. The highest concentration
of total BTs was found in herring liver from the Firth of Vistula (4800 ng/g, wet wt) and in roach muscle from Puck Bay (3300
ng/g, wet wt), while the least concentration was found in burbot eggs and liver from the Vistula River (39 and 32 ng/g, wet
wt, respectively). TBT was the major form of BTs present in most samples analyzed. Sediment samples collected from shipyards
in the Gulf of Gdańsk contained butyltin concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 46 μg/g (dry wt) for MBT, 2.0 to 42 μg/g for DBT,
and 2.6 to 40 μg/g for TBT. As with the fish, the majority of the BTs in sediment were present as TBT, which suggested recent
exposure of the aquatic environment of the region to TBT. 相似文献
107.
Nutrient characteristics and sediment texture of the seagrass beds of the Gulf of Mannar 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thangaradjou T Kannan L 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2007,28(1):29-33
Changes in nutrient concentrations and sediment texture of the seagrass beds were recorded for two years from July 1996 to June 1998 at monthly intervals at two stations (Station 1--Manoli island; Station 2--Chinnapalam) of the Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve. Different nutrients in water showed varied concentrations in different seasons. Phosphate concentration varied between 2.32 and 7.32 microM, nitrate concentration ranged from 5.2 to 18.78 microM and nitrite concentration from 1.92 to 732 microM. Sand was a major component of the sediments, followed by silt and clay at both the stations. At station 1, sand composition varied between 85.9 and 95.3% while at station 2, it varied between 81.9 and 93.6%. Silt composition varied between 3.1 and 9.4% at station land at station 2, it varied between 4.0 and 12.4%. At station 1, clay composition varied from 1.6 to 4.6% and at station 2, it varied between 2.1 and 5.6%. The present study revealed that the nutrients and sediment characteristics of the seagrass beds of the Gulf of Mannar has clear spatial and temporal variations. They are largely interlinked and influenced by the human activities and climatic changes and are individually or jointly governing the distribution, diversity, biomass and productivity of the seagrasses of the Gulf of Mannar. 相似文献
108.
Shinsuke Tanabe Narayanan Kannan Tadaaki Wakimoto Ryo Tatsukawa Taku Okamoto Yoshito Masuda 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):215-231
In the light of new discoveries on the extremely toxic non‐ortho coplanar 3,3’,4,4'‐tetra‐ (T4CB), 3,3’,4,4’,5‐penta‐(P5CB) and 3,3'4,4’,5,5'‐hexachlorobiphenyl (H6CB) and their mono‐ and di‐ortho analogs, tissue samples of a Yusho poisoning victim and Yusho causal oils were subjected to a thorough congener/isomer‐specific investigation for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs). Among the many PCB congeners detected in Yusho oil, non‐ortho coplanar T4CB constituted 3.1%, P5CB‐0.17% and H6CB‐0.0072% in total PCBs. Their concentrations in liver and adipose tissue were 130–700 (T4CB), 54–720 (P5CB) and 50–380 (H6CB) pg/g on wet weight basis. The observed concentrations in adipose tissue were two to four fold higher than that detected in unexposed individuals. Among the PCDFs identified, toxic 2,3,7,8‐substituted isomers including 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF were the dominant ones. Tetra‐ through hepta‐CDDs were detected in the oil, whereas octa‐CDD was the dominant isomer in the patient. A comparison with KC‐400 revealed enrichment of coplanar PCBs in Yusho oil along with toxic PCDFs. Enrichment was highest for 3,3'4,4'5,5'‐H6CB followed by 3,3’,4,4'5‐P5CB. A comparative toxic evaluation of these chemical groups in Yusho patient's adipose tissue based on “2,3,7,8‐T4CDD Toxic Equivalent Analysis” revealed accountable toxic contribution from coplanar PCBs. This analysis also confirmed that 2,3,4,7,8‐P5CDF was the principal causative agent in Yusho poisoning. 相似文献
109.
Kurunthachalam Kannan 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(1-2):159-167
Clam‐sediment accumulation factors for hexa‐, hepta‐ and octa‐chlorobiphenyls were estimated at an intertidal marsh that has been contaminated with Aroclor 1268. Accumulation factors for PCB congeners with K ow > 6.5 were in the range of 0.07–0.88, indicating that their uptake was hindered by steric factors, contamination levels, non‐equilibrium conditions and stronger affinity to sediment organic carbon. Biota‐sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were negatively correlated with log K ow of superhydrophobic PCB congeners. BSAFs estimated based on 2,3,7,8‐TCDD equivalents of PCBs were 2‐fold greater than those derived from total PCB concentrations. 相似文献
110.
Antonio Edson Leite Rosani De Castro Mário Otávio Batalha Kannan Govindan 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(5):422-429
The objective of this study is to identify the adoption level of practices associated with more sustainable agriculture and environmentally friendly practices. Additionally, the motivations for and barriers to the adoption of these practices by farmers are investigated. Data were collected through closed questionnaires taken by a random sample of farmers in the Southwest, São Paulo, Brazil, during the second half of 2013. Overall, sustainable agricultural practices recommended in the literature and analysed in this study are being not fully adopted by farmers of the studied area. The results showed that financial motivation is associated with farmers adopting new, more sustainable technology, whereas the lack of information on and lack of technical support for these technologies are significant barriers. Other results, research implications, limitations and suggestions for future research are presented. 相似文献