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排序方式: 共有369条查询结果,搜索用时 828 毫秒
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Dick Oepkes G. C. Page-Christiaens Caroline J. Bax Mireille N. Bekker Catia M. Bilardo Elles M. J. Boon G. Heleen Schuring-Blom Audrey B. C. Coumans Brigitte H. Faas Robert-Jan H. Galjaard Attie T. Go Lidewij Henneman Merryn V. E. Macville Eva Pajkrt Ron F. Suijkerbuijk Karin Huijsdens-van Amsterdam Diane Van Opstal E. J. Verweij Marjan M. Weiss Erik A. Sistermans and for the Dutch NIPT Consortium 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(12):1083-1090
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Eiliv Steinnes Oddvar Johansen Oddvar Røyset Magne Ødegård 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1993,25(2):87-97
Mosses are used as biomonitors on a regular basis to study trends in the atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Norway. In this paper the analytical scheme used so far, based on a combination of instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry (INAA/AAS) is compared with inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-ES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-ES provided satisfactory data for nearly 20 elements, but detection limits were inadequate for some elements of importance. For ICP-MS quantitative data were obtained for 33 elements including the heavy metals of key interest in air pollution studies. In most cases where comparison was possible the ICP-MS data compared favourably with data obtained by the reference scheme or by ICP-ES. On the basis of this study ICP-MS is considered to be an equivalent alternative to INAA/AAS in multielement studies using mosses as biomonitors. In addition ICP-MS offers some promise for the study of elements such as Be, Ga, Mo, Te, Tl, and Bi, for which very little information exists regarding their behaviour as air pollutants. 相似文献
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Sutton MA Asman WA Ellermann T Van Jaarsveld JA Acker K Aneja V Duyzer J Horvath L Paramonov S Mitosinkova M Tang YS Achermann B Gauger T Bartniki J Neftel A Erisman JW 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,82(2):149-185
In the context of international efforts to reduce the impactsof atmospheric NH3 and NH4
+ (collectively, NHx), it is important to establish the link between NH3emissions and monitoring of NHx concentrations and deposition. This is equally relevant to situations where NH3emissions changes are certain (e.g. due to changed source sectoractivity), as to cases where NH3 abatement technologies havebeen implemented. Correct interpretation of adequate atmosphericmeasurements is essential, since monitoring data provide the onlymeans to evaluate trends in regional NH3 emissions.These issues have been reviewed using available measurements and modelling from nine countries. In addition to historic datasets,the analysis here considers countries where NH3 source sector activity changed (both increases and decreases) and countries where NH3 abatement policies have been implemented.In The Netherlands an `ammonia gap' was identified between the expected reduction and results of monitoring, and was attributedinitially to ineffectiveness of the abatement measures. The analysis here for a range of countries shows that atmospheric interactions complicate the expected changes, particularly sinceSO2 emissions have decreased at the same time, while at manysites the few years of available data show substantial inter-annual variation. It is concluded that networks need to beestablished that speciate between NH3 and aerosol NH4
+, in addition to providing wet deposition, and sample at sufficient sites for robust regional estimates to be established. Such measurements will be essential to monitor compliance of the international agreements on NH3 emission abatement. 相似文献
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Cameron R Dale Bass Cameron Dale Bass Martin Davis Karin Rafaels Mark Steve Rountree Robert M Harris Ellory Sanderson Walter Andrefsky Gina DiMarco Michael Zielinski 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2005,11(4):347-361
To reduce human casualties associated with explosive ordnance disposal, a wide range of protective wear has been designed to shield against the blast effects of improvised explosive devices and munitions. In this study, 4 commercially available bomb suits, representing a range of materials and armor masses, were evaluated against 0.227 and 0.567 kg of spherical C-4 explosives to determine the level of protection offered to the head, neck, and thorax. A Hybrid III dummy, an instrumented human surrogate [1], was tested with and without protection from the 4 commercially available bomb suits. 20 tests with the dummy torso mounted to simulate a kneeling position were performed to confirm repeatability and robustness of the dummies, as well as to evaluate the 4 suits. Correlations between injury risk assessments based on past human or animal injury model data and various parameters such as bomb suit mass, projected area, and dummy coverage area were drawn. 相似文献
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To improve understanding of phosphorus (P) retention processes in small constructed wetlands (CWs), we analysed variations in sediment deposition and accumulation in four CWs on clay soils in east-central Sweden. Sediment deposition (in traps) generally exceeded the total suspended solids (TSS) load suggesting that resuspension and wetland base erosion were important. This was confirmed by quantification of particle accumulation (on plates) (1–23 kg m?2 year?1), which amounted to only 13–23% of trap deposition. Spatial mean P concentrations in accumulated sediment on plates (0.09–0.15%) were generally similar to temporal mean P concentrations of particles in water (0.11–0.15%). Deposition/accumulation was minor in one wetland with high hydraulic load (400 m year?1), suggesting that such small wetlands are not efficient as particle sinks. Economic support for CWs are given, but design and landscape position are here demonstrated to be important for effective P retention. 相似文献
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Maurer Joseph Duggan Huso Manuela Dalthorp Daniel Madsen Lisa Fuentes Claudio 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2020,27(4):769-801
Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Estimating bird and bat mortality at wind facilities typically involves searching for carcasses on the ground near turbines. Some fraction of carcasses... 相似文献