排序方式: 共有24条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
Nobuo Ishiyama Kazuki Miura Takahiro Inoue Masanao Sueyoshi Futoshi Nakamura 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):884-896
Forest conversion is one of the greatest global threats to biodiversity, and land-use change and subsequent biodiversity declines sometimes occur over a variety of underlying geologies. However, how forest conversion and underlying geology interact to alter biodiversity is underappreciated, although spatial variability in geology is considered an integral part of sustaining ecosystems. We aimed to examine the effects of forest conversion to farmland, the underlying geology, and their interaction on the stream fishes’ diversity, evenness, and abundance in northeastern Japan. We disentangled complex pathways between abiotic and biotic factors with structural equation modeling. Species diversity of stream fishes was indirectly shaped by the interaction of land use and underlying geology. Diversity declined due to nutrient enrichment associated with farmlands, which was mainly the result of changes in evenness rather than by changes in species richness. This impact was strongest in streams with volcanic geology with coarse substrates probably because of the differential responses of abundant stream fishes to nutrient enrichment (i.e., dominance) and the high dependency of these fishes on large streambed materials during their life cycles. Our findings suggest that remediation of deforested or degraded forest landscapes would be more efficient if the interaction between land use and underlying geology was considered. For example, the negative impacts of farmland on evenness were larger in streams with volcanic geology than in other stream types, suggesting that riparian forest restoration along such streams would efficiently provide restoration benefits to stream fishes. Our results also suggest that land clearing around such streams should be avoided to conserve species evenness of stream fishes. 相似文献
22.
Kazuki Morita Muxing Guo Norio Oka Nobuo Sano 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):93-101
This research focused on the treatment of steel-making slags to recycle and recover iron and phosphorus. The carbothermal
reduction behavior of both synthesized and factory steel-making slag in microwave irradiation was investigated. The slags
were mixed with graphite powder and heated to a temperature higher than 1873 K to precipitate a lump of Fe–C alloy with a
diameter of 2–8 mm. The larger the carbon equivalent (Ceq, defined in the text), the higher the fractional reduction of iron and phosphorus. An increase in the SiO2 content of slag led to a considerable improvement in the reduction for both iron and phosphorus because of the improvement
in the fluidity of the slags and an increase in the activity coefficient of P2O5 in the slags. The extraction behavior of phosphorus from Fe–P–Csatd alloy was also investigated at 1473 K by carbonate flux treatment. For all the experiments with a processing time longer
than 10 min, the phosphorus in the fluxes could be concentrated to more than 9% (w/w) showing that it could be used as a phosphorus
resource. Compared with K2CO3 flux treatment, that using Na2CO3 was more effective for the extraction of phosphorus, and this was attributed to the lower evaporation of Na2CO3. Finally, a recycling scheme for steel-making slag is proposed.
Received: March 16, 2001 / Accepted: November 12, 2001 相似文献
23.
Kikuchi T Miyazaki S Ohnishi H Takahashi J Nakajima Y Tsuji K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(10):963-968
Evolution of caste is a central issue in the biology of social insects. Comparative studies on their morphology so far suggest
the following three patterns: (1) a positive correlation between queen–worker size dimorphism and the divergence in reproductive
ability between castes, (2) a negative correlation among workers between morphological diversity and reproductive ability,
and (3) a positive correlation between queen–worker body shape difference and the diversity in worker morphology. We conducted
morphological comparisons between castes in Pachycondyla luteipes, workers of which are monomorphic and lack their reproductive ability. Although the size distribution broadly overlapped,
mean head width, head length, and scape length were significantly different between queens and workers. Conversely, in eye
length, petiole width, and Weber’s length, the size differences were reversed. The allometries (head length/head width, scape
length/head width, and Weber’s length/head width) were also significantly different between queens and workers. Morphological
examinations showed that the body shape was different between queens and workers, and the head part of workers was disproportionately
larger than that of queens. This pattern of queen–worker dimorphism is novel in ants with monomorphic workers and a clear
exception to the last pattern. This study suggests that it is possible that the loss of individual-level selection, the lack
of reproductive ability, influences morphological modification in ants. 相似文献
24.
Xuehao Zhao Yinhu Wu Xue Zhang Xin Tong Tong Yu Yunhong Wang Nozomu Ikuno Kazuki Ishii Hongying Hu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(4):55