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21.
Depletion of Si in transported dust has been recognized for many years. It can be used to distinguish between transported and local dust in cities, although it rarely has been. Here we use the variations of the Si/Al ratio in 15 months of continuous PM2.5 samples at Beijing (northern China) and Chongqing (southwestern China) to reveal the seasonal patterns of their dust sources. For both cities, peaks of concentration for Si and Al in PM2.5 corresponded with minima of Si/Al, and could often be linked to pulsed air flow from deserts to the northwest. With significant depletion (up to 80%) and homogeneous distribution at urban and rural sites, Si/Al showed a clear seasonal evolution, which decreased from spring to summer, increased from fall to winter, and collapsed during Chinese Spring Festival, indicating the dominance of transported dust, local fugitive dust and firework influence, respectively. The low ratios implied that desert dust is a common source during spring at Chongqing, whereas its presence during cold season at Beijing was also more frequent than expected. Failing to recognize the depletion of Si may lead to an overestimate of desert dust by 15%–65% when using the average abundance of Al in crust (6%–8%), as in previous studies. The difference in Si/Al ratio between local and transported dust implies that >60% of the dust at Beijing came from outside the city during the springs of 2004–2006. This result can help resolve the contradictory findings on this topic that have been presented earlier.  相似文献   
22.
大气颗粒物中类腐殖酸的研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
类腐殖酸(HULIS)是一类广泛存在于云、雾、雨水和大气气溶胶颗粒中的大分子有机物.HULIS既可通过吸收和散射太阳辐射直接影响大气热平衡,又能参与云凝结核的形成间接影响全球气候,加之其重要的环境和健康效应,近年来引起科学界的广泛关注.本文综述了大气颗粒物中类腐殖酸的研究成果,主要包括HULIS的分离、提取和分析方法,HULIS的主要理化性质、浓度和季节变化,以及HULIS的来源和国内外研究现状,并对该领域的研究前景进行了分析和展望.  相似文献   
23.
城市街道汽车污染扩散规律模拟研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13       下载免费PDF全文
如何简单而准确地模拟城市街区污染的扩散规律,对于城市汽车污染控制决策具有重要的意义,从大量实测数据,分析了风速风向等影响街道峡谷污染物扩散的主要因素,采用丹麦开发的街道峡谷模式OSPM,对汽车污染扩散规律进行模拟研究。与北京实测数据对比结果表明,该模式较好地模拟昼间风速风向对街道峡保内汽车污染扩散的影响,比较准确地反映了峡保中流场的主要特征,以及汽车排放污染物的扩散规律,污染物浓度与风速的倒数摈心  相似文献   
24.
    
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are complex organic compounds which are identified as significant carcinogenic to human health. PAHs (mainly in particle phase) are susceptible to atmospheric oxidant gases, especially ozone, nitrogen oxides (NOx), hydroxyl radical (OH), and could be degraded on filters during sampling process, leading to an underestimation of ambient PAH concentrations. The goal of this work was to investigate particle associated PAHs sampling artifacts caused by ozone in summer of Beijing. Comparative sampling systems were operated simultaneously during the whole campaign, one with activated carbon ozone denuder, the other being set as conventional sampling system. Activated carbon denuder was testified to be highly efficient to eliminate ozone from air stream. In general, nine particle-bound PAHs observed from conventional sampler were all lower than those from ozone denuder system. The total PAHs (particle phase) concentration was averagely underestimated by 35.9% in conventional sampling procedure. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) had the highest percentage of mass loss. founded to have influences Ambient temperature was on PAHs sampling artifacts. High temperature can increase loss of particle associated PAHs during sampling.  相似文献   
25.
液化石油气轿车实际道路污染物排放特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用PEMS对国2技术LPG出租轿车和汽油轿车的实际道路排放进行测试,基于测试数据对LPG轿车排放特征进行解析,并与汽油轿车的排放因子进行对比分析.结果显示:速度和行驶模式对LPG轿车污染物排放影响明显;LPG轿车CO 2、CO、HC和NOx污染物的实测排放因子分别为(169.5±22.2)、(2.18±2.38)、(...  相似文献   
26.
党艳  罗倩  李克斌  魏红  郭宏生 《环境科学学报》2011,31(12):2601-2608
采用Box-Behnken响应面优化实验设计对荞麦皮生物吸附去除水中染料罗丹明B的影响因素(如温度、pH值、染料初始浓度、吸附剂用量)进行研究,建立了去除率与上述因素之间的二次多项式模型,得到荞麦皮去除罗丹明B的最佳条件为:温度50 ℃、pH=2、罗丹明B初始浓度100 mg·L-1,吸附剂用量11.75 g·L-1,最优条件下罗丹明B的最大去除率可达到92.30%.用Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich方程对吸附等温线进行拟合,其中,Langmuir方程拟合结果最好,其最大吸附量为79.34 mg·g-1.另外,计算得到了荞麦皮生物吸附水中罗丹明B的热力学状态函数ΔG0、ΔH0、ΔS0及平均吸附能E分别为-27.29~ -24.84 kJ·mol-1、13.29 kJ·mol-1、125.60 J·mol-1·K-1和11.74~12.37 kJ·mol-1,结合对荞麦皮pHpzc的测定、BET分析和吸附染料前后的红外光谱变化情况,对罗丹明B在荞麦皮上的吸附机理进行了探讨.本研究结果表明,荞麦皮是一种极具潜力的绿色吸附剂,能够有效用于水中罗丹明B等染料的去除.  相似文献   
27.
    
● China has pledged ambitious carbon peak and neutrality goals for mitigating global climate change. ● Major challenges to achieve carbon neutrality in China are summarized. ● The new opportunities along the pathway of China’s carbon neutrality are discussed from four aspects. ● Five policy suggestions for China are provided. China is the largest developing economy and carbon dioxide emitter in the world, the carbon neutrality goal of which will have a profound influence on the mitigation pathway of global climate change. The transition towards a carbon-neutral society is integrated into the construction of ecological civilization in China, and brings profound implications for China’s socioeconomic development. Here, we not only summarize the major challenges in achieving carbon neutrality in China, but also identify the four potential new opportunities: namely, the acceleration of technology innovations, narrowing regional disparity by reshaping the value of resources, transforming the industrial structure, and co-benefits of pollution and carbon mitigation. Finally, we provide five policy suggestions and highlight the importance of balancing economic growth and carbon mitigation, and the joint efforts among the government, the enterprises, and the residents.  相似文献   
28.
宜宾市城市酸雨污染及防治对策   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文通过对宜宾市城市的地形、气候、气象特点、大气污染状况、降水质量状况以及酸雨成因的分析,提出了宜宾市城市酸雨污染的防治对策。  相似文献   
29.
环境影响评价备案制来源于投资管理体系,与审批制存在明显差异,因存在法律障碍,在环境影响评价行政许可中存在不适用性,但备案制的精髓在于与部分建设项目的环评行政许可特点相契合,因此,可以将备案制的思想与做法应用于环评审批改革。可通过环保部门公布纳入备案管理项目范围和备案条件,建设单位提交备案材料,强化环境监管、强化政府部门间联动和提倡社会监督等措施予以控制和完善环境影响评价备案制。  相似文献   
30.
为探究纵向通风作用下T型分岔隧道内火灾烟气蔓延特性,采用火灾动力学模拟软件(FDS),建立分岔隧道全尺寸数值模型,通过改变主隧道内纵向通风风速和分岔隧道内火源功率,研究不同纵向通风风速与火源功率情况下主隧道与分岔隧道内温度分布规律以及流场特征。结果表明:随着纵向通风风速的增大,分岔隧道内上游火灾烟气温度呈现先下降后增大的变化趋势,分岔隧道内速度流场由向火源上游倾斜变为向火源下游倾斜;主隧道内烟气最高温度随纵向通风风速的增大呈现先增大后减小的变化特征,转折风速为2 m/s,且烟气最高温度出现位置基本在火源附近;主隧道内烟气蔓延前锋随纵向通风风速增大逐渐向下游移动,风速为3 m/s时,烟气蔓延前锋已被控制在火源中心线附近。  相似文献   
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