去除化镍废水中总镍、总磷的应用研究

以某电镀废水处理厂化镍废水处理工艺调试为基础,因排放标准的提高,针对原设计流程,通过实验室试验,确定最佳的运行工艺。实际的运行表明,工艺经过优化后,废水中总镍和总磷的去除率分别高达99.9%和99%以上,几乎可全部被去除,出水完全满足5电镀行业污染物排放标准6(GB 219000)2008)的要求。     

Biodiesel production from waste oil feedstocks by solid acid catalysis

Biodiesel is a non-toxic and biodegradable substitute for petroleum-based diesel. However, it is impractical to use refined edible oils to produce biodiesel due to its high cost and priority for food products, especially in China, while waste oils with high free fatty acids (FFAs) can be considered as the raw materials. In the present work, a solid acid catalyst comprising SO₄²⁻/TiO₂–SiO₂ was prepared, characterized and studied for its activity for the production of biodiesel from several low cost feedstocks with high FFAs. The solid acid catalyst can be recycled, easily removed and can simultaneously catalyze esterification and transesterification. The influence of reaction parameters was studied, and the optimized reaction parameters are reaction temperature 200 °C, molar ratio of methanol to oil 9:1 and catalyst concentration 3 wt.%. The catalyst showed good stability. A continuous process for biodiesel production from cheap raw feedstocks was proposed, and a 10,000-tonnes/year biodiesel production demonstration plant has been built.     

锅炉水冷壁大面积变形原因分析

分析了锦山电厂2^#锅炉水冷壁管大面积变形的原因，介绍了水冷壁变形的处理办法及留下的思考。     

天津地区表层土壤和河流沉积物中正构烷烃化合物的成因分析

对天津地区表层土和河流沉积物中正构烷烃化合物进行了测试分析。不同环境功能区正构烷烃组成特征存在一定差别。表层土和河流沉积物中正构烷烃主峰碳、CPI和轻重比指数等地球化学参数分析表明,样品中中、低碳数正构烷烃主要来源于石油及其衍生物,个别样品中C17、C19 正构烷烃含量很高,并具明显的奇碳优势,可能与藻类生物活动有关;高碳数正构烷烃具有比较明显的奇碳优势,主要来源于高等植物蜡质的降解产物。不同环境功能区污染源的构成也存在比较明显的差别。     

渤海表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布与生态风险评价

利用第2次全国海洋污染基线调查数据，研究渤海表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的空间分布特征和输入来源．结果表明，按渤海海区划分，PAHs含量由高至低依次为秦皇岛沿岸、辽东湾、莱州湾、辽东半岛近岸、外海海区和渤海湾近岸．对照有关的沉积物质量标志水平，秦皇岛沿岸和辽东湾(尤其是锦州湾)表层沉积物中PAHs具有较高生态风险．就PAHs组成而言，锦州湾近岸沉积物中低环比例较高，其它海区4～5环占优．荧蒽／芘和芘／苯并(a)芘两个比值参数显示锦州湾近岸沉积物的PAHs主要源于石油工业，秦皇岛近岸和莱州湾部分站点主要来自燃油产物，而其它海区的大部分站点则属于燃煤型来源．燃烧生成的PAHs易吸附于细微颗粒物上，其迁移和沉降可能是外海海区PAHs含量高于渤海湾近岸的一个原因．     

天津地区致癌风险的预期寿命损失分析

预期寿命损失是健康风险评价统一的指标 .本文根据天津的人口统计数据和有关资料求算了天津地区特定致癌风险条件下预期寿命损失 .结果表明 ,单位致癌风险 (10^-5)的污染物暴露下,天津地区男性和女性平均预期寿命损失分别为58.47min和66.82min .同时发现本底癌症发病率是预期寿命损失的决定因素 ,而相关参数对结果影响较小.     

改性凹凸棒土吸附处理PAM废水研究

以丙烯酰胺(PAM)为目标污染物,研究了改性凹凸棒土对PAM的吸附性能、吸附过程的影响因素以及吸附完成后的再生问题。研究表明,250mg/L的PAM溶液振荡吸附1h后,酸改性凹凸棒土的吸附效率高于提纯和热改性凹凸棒土,达90.08%。在250mg/L的PAM溶液投加酸改性凹凸棒土进行振荡吸附试验,吸附时间为45min,试验结果表明,酸改性凹凸棒土的最佳投加量为1g/L;吸附过程最佳pH范围是4～6;吸附过程为放热过程。以5%、10%和15%的氢氧化钠溶液作为脱附剂进行再生试验,随着氢氧化钠溶液浓度的提高,再生效率逐渐提高。但是,再生效率提高的幅度减小,浓度为10%和15%的氢氧化钠溶液的再生效率差别不大。以10%的氢氧化钠溶液作为脱附剂时,最经济的再生次数为5次。     

A novel approach of preparing press-powders for cleaner production of ceramic tiles

China produces almost half of ceramic tiles in the world. However, serious air pollution and high energy consumption in the preparation of ceramic press-powders by traditional wet process (WP) have become major barriers for the sustainable development of ceramic tile manufacturing industry. A novel cleaner production process, named by the authors as Droplet-Powder Granulation Process (DPGP), was proposed and tested in this work. Droplet-powder granulator, a key facility of DPGP, was designed. In the granulator, ceramic suspension was directly sprayed to form fine suspension droplets and ceramic dry powder was simultaneously jetted and dispersed to enwrap, insulate and adsorb the suspension droplets so as to form coarse granules that were then rolled, tamped and dried into press-powders. Lab experiments of preparing press-powders by DPGP were carried out. The as-prepared DPGP press-powders consist of solid granules with nearly spherical shape and approximately normal grain size distribution, and present favorable flowability and relatively high bulk density, with the similar properties of the press-powders as those prepared by WP. Moreover, as compared with WP, DPGP can reduce both pollutant emission of 98% dust, 65% sulfur oxides and 71% nitrogen oxides and resource consumption of 24% energy and 69% water. Therefore, DPGP is an innovative approach for cleaner production of ceramic press-powders.     

峨嵋山冷杉衰亡与酸性降水关系的初步研究

本文报道了峨嵋山高海拔地区冷杉衰亡与酸性降水关系的调查和研究,内容包括酸性降水和气态污染物状况的观察,冷杉枝叶生长状况和针叶解剖,树干解剖和根系观察,冷杉冠层对酸性降水的反应及酸性降水在生态系统中的变化,土壤和冷杉的元素分析等方面,并就酸性降水对冷杉衰亡的影响进行了初步评价结果指出,峨嵋山高海拔地区的酸性降水污染严重,雨水的平均pH值为1.37,酸雨频率达85.1:雾水的pH值为1.62,酸雾频率达100 有可能对冷杉产生直接和间接影响。      

改装 Model 42S 化学发光氮氧化物仪测定大气中NO-NOx-NOy

将美国Ｍｏｄｅｌ４２Ｓ化学发光ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ测定仪改装为ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ同机测量．使用ＮＨ４ＮＯ３标定了不锈钢ＮＯｙ转化器．在６６０±１０℃,不锈钢转化器对ＨＮＯ３和ＮＨ３的转化效率分别为１００％和８０％—９０％．在该温度下,没有发现Ｎ２Ｏ被不锈钢转化器转化为ＮＯ．改装后仪器的分辨率、检测限、响应速率和线性度均未改变．根据对ＨＮＯ３的研究结果,该仪器的ＮＯｙ转化器带来的测量误差不大于５％．使用改装后的仪器连续测定了大气中的ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ,得到可靠、合理的数据