Glass recycling in cement production--an innovative approach

An innovative approach of using waste glass in cement production was proposed and tested in a laboratory and cement production plant. The laboratory characterization of 32 types of glass show that the chemical composition of glass does not vary significantly with its color or origin but depends on its application. The alkali content of glass, a major concern for cement production varies from 0 to 22%. For the glass bottles mainly found in Hong Kong waste glasses, the alkali content (Na2O) ranges from 10 to 19% with an average around 15%. There is no significant change of the SO2 content in the gas exhaust of the rotary kiln when about 1.8 t/h of glass bottles were loaded along with the 280-290 t/h raw materials. The content of NOx, mainly depends on the temperature of the kiln, does not show significant change either. The SO3 content of the clinker is comparable with that obtained without the loading of glass. The alkaline content shows a slight increase but still within three times the standard deviation obtained from the statistical data of the past year. The detailed analysis of the quality of the cement product shows that there is not any significant impact of glass for the feeding rate tested.     

纳米气敏材料的研究现状与发展

各种气体尤其是可燃性气体和毒性气体的检测监控已成为当前急需解决的问题，纳米气敏材料的研究对提高气敏材料的灵敏度、选择性和长期稳定性，以及如何降低工作温度和缩短响应温度时间等方面起着重大的作用。针对氢气、硫化氢、碳氢化合物、氮氧化合物、乙醇、丙酮等气体的纳米气敏材料的研究现状作了一定的研究，并对发展的趋势作了展望。     

北京、东京、筑波大气中有机污染物组成研究

用低流量采样器及双层采样滤膜 (石英及固相萃取用C1 8膜 )采集了北京、东京和筑波三城市冬季 (1999年 1月 )大气颗粒物和大气气相物质 ,3个城市的共同特点是大气气相物质中含有很高浓度的苯环数 2～ 4的多环芳烃及碳数小于 2 0的正构烷烃 ,大气颗粒物中以 5～ 6个苯环多环芳烃为主。冬季正构烷烃没有明显的偶数碳数和奇数的区别。但是 ,北京大气气相物质和颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度明显高于东京和筑波 ,而且各正构烷烃及多环芳烃的浓度分布也与东京和筑波的不同 ,表明冬季大气中有机污染物来源不同。      

Discrimination of predatory versus nonpredatory mammals by box turtles, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Terrapene carolina</Emphasis>

Summary. Although terrestrial turtles have served as a model for studies of olfactory neurophysiology, little is known about how they use chemical information in an ecological sense. We tested whether box turtles (Terrapene carolina) use chemical information to distinguish between predatory and nonpredatory mammals. Box turtles in our study exhibited more escape behavior when exposed to urine from a predator (coyote, Canis latrans) than when exposed to urine from a nonpredator (white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus) or a blank control. Escape behavior is consistent with an antipredator response. In addition, the turtles decreased their handling time for food when in the presence of urine from either species of mammal in comparison to the blank, indicating that chemical cues from mammals in general may result in increased vigilance by terrestrial turtles. Examination of a variety of response variables may be important for adequate assessment of the ecological role of chemosensory behavior.     

Characterization of food waste and bulking agents for composting

The characterization of food waste (FW) and locally available bulking agents (BA) are a prerequisite to optimizing compost recipes. This study measured the variation in FW characteristics (pH, dry matter (DM), carbon (C), wet bulk density and Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN)) produced by a restaurant and a community kitchen in downtown Montreal, Canada from May to August 2004. The project also measured the mass of FW produced by another restaurant and a group of 20-48 households, from June to August 2004. Locally available BA (hay, straw, pine wood shavings, cardboard, left over cattle feed and wheat residue pellets) were also characterized to formulate composting recipes based on the FW characteristics observed during a period representative of winter and summer conditions. Residential and restaurant FW characteristics varied significantly over the summer months, although the mass produced remained constant at 0.61 and 0.56 kg capita(-1)day(-1), respectively. In addition, the number of customers served by the restaurant increased by nearly 50% from June to August. The BA with the highest moisture adsorption capacity was found to be the wheat residue pellets, followed by chopped straw. Wheat residue pellets, chopped hay and left over cattle feed all presented a balanced C/N ratio. Wheat residue pellets and wheat straw, chopped hay and cardboard demonstrated neutral pH values. Based on the variable FW characteristics and monthly production rates, the formulation of recipes indicates that compost facilities must be flexible enough to handle seasonal variations of as much as 50% by volume.     

20世纪重大自然灾害评析

人类在科学技术上取得了辉煌成绩的同时,在认识自然和改造自然方面也得到了才识和新的认识,这一教训主要是来自自然灾害。根据收集到的全球自然灾害有关数据,对２０世纪全球主要自然灾害特征分布特点进行了分析,并对其成因提出了看法。     

垃圾渗滤液层状砂箱参数拟合试验及模拟

基于相似模拟条件,研究了垃圾渗滤液污染物在层状含水层中运移规律,通过数值模拟方法拟合了层状含水层的渗透性及弥散度,利用拟合参数分析了阜新垃圾填埋场有机污染物在地下环境中的迁移和时空分布规律,该实验和数值模型较好地反映了层状土中污染物渗漏的基本特征,对预测、控制渗滤液污染地下水提供了一种有效的方法。     

北京春季城区与远郊区不同大气粒径颗粒物中水溶性离子的分布特征

为比较北京城区与远郊区大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子的组成特征,2012年4月,利用Andersen分级撞击式采样器同时在2个采样点进行大气颗粒物分级采样,样品采用离子色谱分析.结果表明,城区和上甸子大气颗粒物中水溶性无机离子总浓度分别为(83.7±48.9)μg·m-3和(75.5±52.9)μg·m-3,NO-3、SO2-4和NH+4是最主要的水溶性无机离子,分别占总离子浓度的81.2%和84.2%.粒径分布显示,Mg2+和Ca2+在5.8～9.0μm的粒径范围出现峰值,Na+、NH+4、Cl-在0.43～1.1μm和4.7～9.0μm的粒径范围出现双峰,K+、NO-3和SO2-4在0.65～2.1μm的粒径范围出现峰值.后向轨迹簇分析表明,气团来自南方时,城区和上甸子二次离子浓度分别为(92.4±40.0)μg·m-3和(95.0±35.4)μg·m-3,来自其他方向时,分别为(24.0±10.8)μg·m-3和(13.3±10.6)μg·m-3.     

偏振激光雷达在沙尘暴观测中的数据解析

阐述了日本国立环境研究所(NIES)研制的双波长偏振激光雷达的工作原理和主要工作参数,探讨了激光雷达方程在沙尘暴监测中的应用条件,并对激光雷达获取的各种信息进行直观图视化处理.分别用光学强度、后向散射强度、退偏振率、消光系数以及双波长信号比等对沙尘天气的污染特征进行了解析,并对垂直方向沙尘浓度的分布进行了计算.研究表明:退偏振率大于10%时,即可判断为沙尘天气;双波长信号比(P(1 064)/P(532))大于0.4,则表示该期间为沙尘天气;利用消光系数表示气溶胶浓度时,NIES激光雷达观测沙尘气溶胶消光系数超过0.3 km-1(ρ(TSP)约为500　μg/m3),且持续时间超过3　h的沙尘天气现象即可判断为一次沙尘事件.根据激光雷达特有物理量对沙尘气溶胶的不同判定标准,对沙尘事件的强度、持续时间、沙尘云厚度以及沙尘天气的污染特征进行了解析和探讨.