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61.
Yoshihiko Sato Ken OkadaMiyako Akiyoshi Satoshi MurayamaTakehiro Matsunaga 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2011,24(5):558-562
Thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis mass spectrometry, adiabatic calorimetry, a gram-scale heating test, and infrared spectroscopy were performed to evaluate the thermal hazards of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and prove the occurrence of a runaway reaction. The self-polymerization of MDI was found to occur at about 340 °C under rapid heating conditions. Carbon dioxide was eliminated and heat was generated to allow polymerization. Under adiabatic and closed conditions, the runaway reaction of MDI can begin at least from 220 °C. Besides it is highly probable that the runaway reaction of MDI can begin from a lower temperature in an actual process scale. More heat was generated than in the previous case and the pressure rose rapidly. A closed 2-mm-thick glass vessel exploded because of the runaway reaction of MDI even if the temperature was lower than 300 °C. Therefore, MDI could cause fatal runaway reactions below 300 °C, where MDI had been assumed to self-polymerize by eliminating carbon dioxide previously. 相似文献
62.
Irrigation system and land use effect on surface water quality in river, at lake Dianchi, Yunnan, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takashi Tanak Takahiro Sato Kazuo Watanabe Ying Wang Dan Yang Hiromo Inoue Kunzhi Li Tatsuya Inamura 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(6):1107-1116
The surface water samples were collected in river Dahe and its tributaries, which flow into severely eutrophic lake Dianchi, Yunnan Province, China, in order to elucidate factors controlling water quality fluctuations. The temporal and spatial distribution of water quality tendency was observed. The water quality of each river is dependent on the hydrology effect such water gate and circulating irrigation system. We must consider the hydrology effect to accurately understand water quality variations of river in this study field. In river without highly circulating irrigation system or water gate effect, the downstream nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) concentration increase occurred in area dominated by open field cultivation, whereas the NO3-N concentration was constant or decreased in area dominated by greenhouse land use. This result suggests that greenhouse covers the soil from precipitation, and nitrate load of greenhouse could be less than that of open field cultivation while the rainfall event. In the upper reaches of river, where is dominated by open field cultivation, there were no sharp increase dissolved molybdate reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus concentration, but P load was accumulated in the lower reaches of river, whose predominant land use is greenhouse. Although the P sources is unclear in this study, greenhouse area may have potential of P loads due to its high P content in greenhouse soil. Considering hydrology effect is necessary to determine what the major factor is influencing the water quality variation, especially in area with highly complicated irrigation system in this studying site. 相似文献
63.
Prado Tatiana Barbosa Mikaela Renata Funada Araújo Ronalda Silva Garcia Suzi Cristina Melo Adalgisa Jesus Galvani Ana Tereza Brandão Carlos Jesus Silva Renan Lourenço Oliveira Sato Maria Inês Zanoli 《Food and environmental virology》2021,13(4):520-527
Food and Environmental Virology - Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the major cause of enterically transmitted infectious hepatitis. Between 2016 and 2017, the number of confirmed cases of hepatitis A... 相似文献
64.
Sulfur deposition simulations over China, Japan, and Korea: a model intercomparison study for abating sulfur emission 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Cheol-Hee Kim Lim-Seok Chang Fan Meng Mizuo Kajino Hiromasa Ueda Yuanhang Zhang Hye-Young Son Jong-Jae Lee Youjiang He Jun Xu Keiichi Sato Tatsuya Sakurai Zhiwei Han Lei Duan Jeong-Soo Kim Suk-Jo Lee Chang-Keun Song Soo-Jin Ban Shang-Gyoo Shim Young Sunwoo Tae-Young Lee 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4073-4089
In response to increasing trends in sulfur deposition in Northeast Asia, three countries in the region (China, Japan, and Korea) agreed to devise abatement strategies. The concepts of critical loads and source?Creceptor (S?CR) relationships provide guidance for formulating such strategies. Based on the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants in Northeast Asia (LTP) project, this study analyzes sulfur deposition data in order to optimize acidic loads over the three countries. The three groups involved in this study carried out a full year (2002) of sulfur deposition modeling over the geographic region spanning the three countries, using three air quality models: MM5-CMAQ, MM5-RAQM, and RAMS-CADM, employed by Chinese, Japanese, and Korean modeling groups, respectively. Each model employed its own meteorological numerical model and model parameters. Only the emission rates for SO2 and NOx obtained from the LTP project were the common parameter used in the three models. Three models revealed some bias from dry to wet deposition, particularly the latter because of the bias in annual precipitation. This finding points to the need for further sensitivity tests of the wet removal rates in association with underlying cloud?Cprecipitation physics and parameterizations. Despite this bias, the annual total (dry plus wet) sulfur deposition predicted by the models were surprisingly very similar. The ensemble average annual total deposition was 7,203.6?±?370 kt S with a minimal mean fractional error (MFE) of 8.95?±?5.24?% and a pattern correlation (PC) of 0.89?C0.93 between the models. This exercise revealed that despite rather poor error scores in comparison with observations, these consistent total deposition values across the three models, based on LTP group's input data assumptions, suggest a plausible S?CR relationship that can be applied to the next task of designing cost-effective emission abatement strategies. 相似文献
65.
Environmental Economics and Policy Studies - Money can be understood from an individual perspective as an abstract form of wealth. From a communal perspective, however, money is better regarded as... 相似文献
66.
67.
Hideto Tsuji Hiroaki Sugiyama Yoshihiro Sato 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(3):706-712
Neat poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactic acid) (PDLA) films and PLLA/PDLA blend films were prepared by solution casting, and their photodegradation by UV-irradiation was investigated using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, and polarized optical microscopy. The PLLA/PDLA blend film was more photodegradation-resistant than the neat PLLA and PDLA films when photodegradation was monitored by molecular weight, melting temperature, and WAXS crystalline peak positions. This indicates that the chains in both amorphous and crystalline regions of the PLLA/PDLA blend film were photo-cleavage-resistant compared to those of the neat PLLA and PDLA films. The changes in melting temperature and WAXS crystalline peak positions before and after photodegradation respectively indicated the increased crystalline lattice disorder and the decreased crystalline lattice sizes of the neat PLLA and PDLA films, whereas these changes were insignificant for the blend films. Photodegradation caused no significant change in tensile properties, with the exception of significant decreases in the tensile strength and elongation at break of PLLA/PDLA blend film. However, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PLLA/PDLA blend film retained higher values compared to those of the neat PLLA and PDLA films during photodegradation. In spite of the slower photodegradation of the PLLA/PDLA blend film traced by M n, T m, and WAXS crystalline peak positions than that of neat PLLA and PDLA films, the rapid decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break of the former than that of the latter should be due to the highly-ordered structural difference between them, i.e., the three dimensional dry gel of the former and the spherulites of the latter. 相似文献
68.
Taichi Sato 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1959,46(11):376-376
69.
70.
Oikawa S Kanno N Sanada T Ohashi N Uesugi M Sato K Abukawa J Higuchi H 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,65(2):203-213
Nationwide outdoor radon (222Rn) concentrations in Japan were measured to survey the environmental outdoor 222Rn level and to estimate the effective dose to the general public from 222Rn and its progeny. The 222Rn concentration was measured with a passive-type radon monitor. The 222Rn monitors were installed at about 700 points throughout Japan from 1997 to 1999. The annual mean 222Rn concentration in Japan was estimated from four quarters measurements of 47 prefectures in Japan. Nationwide outdoor mean 222Rn concentration was 6.1 Bq m(-3). This was about 40% of the indoor 222Rn concentration in Japan. The 222Rn concentration in Japan ranged from 3.3 Bq m(-3) in the Okinawa region to 9.8 Bq m(-3) in the Chugoku region, reflecting geological characteristics. Seasonal variation of outdoor 222Rn concentration was also found to be lowest in July to September, and highest in October to December. From the results of this 222Rn survey and previous indoor 222Rn survey program, the effective dose to the general public from 222Rn and its progeny was estimated to be 0.45 mSv y(-1). 相似文献