金属离子对δ-MnO2 去除对叔辛基酚抑制作用的研究

研究了pH 4.0的水溶液中各种金属离子对合成的δ-MnO2去除对叔辛基酚(4-t-OP)的影响.实验表明反应150 min时,δ-MnO2对4-t-OP的去除率达到100%,但当反应体系中含有金属离子时,去除效果受到抑制.抑制效果随金属离子浓度的增加而增大,并随金属离子的不同表现出较大的差异.在pH 4.0条件下,Pb2+和Mn2+的抑制效果最强,其次为过渡金属离子,再次是碱土金属离子,而碱金属离子基本上不产生抑制作用.还比较了δ-MnO2对多种金属离子的吸附能力,其对Pb2+的吸附作用最强,在其余的金属离子中,对过渡金属离子的吸附量稍大于碱土金属离子.结果表明,金属离子所产生抑制作用的源于其占据了δ-MnO2表面反应位点并与4-t-OP形成竞争,而抑制作用大小的差异主要来源于δ-MnO2与金属离子间吸附作用强弱的差别,MnO2表面结构的变化,以及溶液中自由态金属离子的分布比例及其离子半径的不同.     

不同Fe(Ⅲ)对活性污泥异化铁还原及除磷影响研究

以SBBR反应器活性污泥作为铁还原菌菌种来源,采用兼性厌氧/严格厌氧恒温培养试验,投加不同Fe(Ⅲ)考察各条件下的异化铁还原能力同时比较对磷的去除效果.结果表明:2种条件下Fe(Ⅲ)还原能力具有较好的一致性,依次为:Fe(OH)3＞氧化铁皮＞青矿＞红矿,其中严格厌氧条件下较好.同时,除磷效果与其呈正相关,富集培养至7d,Fe(OH)3及氧化铁皮体系出水磷浓度均达到2mg/L以下,之后继续降低,最终达到0.5mg/L以下.结合异化铁还原除磷机理,可以证明,不同Fe(Ⅲ)表面吸附作用对TP的去除贡献较小,其主要作用为铁还原菌驱动下的化学沉淀去除.     

天津近岸表层沉积物重金属和放射性核素分布特征

对渤海湾天津海域14个表层沉积物样品进行粒度、重金属和核素放射性活度测量,结果显示,沉积物组成以粉砂为主,其粒径在研究区横纵向上分别呈由南至北、由东至西逐渐变粗的分布特征.重金属元素含量为Cu:25.6~35.1mg/kg、Pb:44.1~67.7mg/kg、Zn:60~73.5mg/kg;210Pb活度为13.2~35.3Bq/kg,137Cs活度为0.05~1.28Bq/kg,重金属含量和放射性活度随粒径减小而增大,总体上呈由北至南逐渐增大的分布特征,在中部和南部分别呈由西北至东南和由西至东逐渐增大的分布特征.这主要是因为细颗粒组分对Cu、Pb、Zn、210Pb和137Cs的吸附作用大于粗颗粒组分,因此,其分布受渤海湾水流及其所导致的粒径变化所影响.     

我国工业固体废物的产生特征及控制对策

工业固体废物是固体废物的重要组成部分。根据我国最近10年发布的工业固体废物统计数据,全面分析了我国工业固体废物的产生特点,研究了工业固体废物产生量、利用量和处置量、工业固体废物区域和行业分布特点以及与工业产值的关系,并针对我国工业固体废物管理存在的问题,提出了相应的对策和建议。     

飞灰对废弃物焚烧过程中二恶英的抑制和捕获作用研究

通过工程试验和分析测试,分别对城市生活垃圾和医疗废弃物焚烧过程中高温烟气段和低温烟气段飞灰对二恶英的抑制和捕获作用进行了初步的研究。研究表明:适当增加锅炉灰循环量对于二恶英的再合成能起到抑制作用,飞灰中金属氧化物介质可能存在着催化和阻止的双重竞争机制;添加飞灰对于吸附医疗废物焚烧尾气中的二恶英所起作用不明显,但飞灰对燃烧残炭的吸附作用非常明显。     

Iron and lead ion adsorption by microbial flocculants in synthetic wastewater and their related carbonate formation

Although microbial treatments of heavy metal ions in wastewater have been studied, the removal of these metals through incorporation into carbonate minerals has rarely been reported. To investigate the removal of Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋, two representative metals in wastewater, through the precipitation of carbonate minerals by a microbial flocculant （MBF） produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus. MBF was added to synthetic wastewater containing different Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋ concentrations, and the extent of flocculation was analyzed. CO2 was bubbled into the mixture of MBF and Fe^3＋/Pb^2＋ to initiate the reaction. The solid substrates were analyzed via X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results showed that the removal efficiency decreased and the MBF adsorption capacity for metals increased with increasing heavy metal concentration. In the system containing MBF, metals （Fe^3＋ and Pb^2＋）, and CO2, the concentrated metals adsorbed onto the MBF combined with the dissolved CO2, resulting in oversaturation of metal carbonate minerals to form iron carbonate and lead carbonates. These results may be used in designing a method in which microbes can be utilized to combine CO2 with wastewater heavy metals to form carbonates, with the aim of mitigating environmental problems.     

Speciation of organic phosphorus in a sediment profile of Lake Taihu II. Molecular species and their depth attenuation

The understanding of organic phosphorus(P) dynamics in sediments requires information on their species at the molecular level,but such information in sediment profiles is scarce.A sediment profile was selected from a large eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu(China),and organic P species in the sediments were detected using solution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(31 P NMR) following extraction of the sediments with a mixture of 0.25 mol/L NaOH and 50 mmol/L EDTA(NaOH-EDTA) solution.The results showed that P in the NaOH-EDTA extracts was mainly composed of orthophosphate,orthophosphate monoesters,phospholipids,DNA,and pyrophosphate.Concentrations of the major organic P compound groups and pyrophosphate showed a decreasing trend with the increase of depth.Their half-life times varied from 3 to 27 years,following the order of orthophosphate monoesters > phospholipids DNA > pyrophosphate.Principal component analysis revealed that the detected organic P species had binding phases similar to those of humic acid-associated organic P(NaOH-NRP HA),a labile organic P pool that tends to transform to recalcitrant organic P pools as the early diagenetic processes proceed.This demonstrated that the depth attenuation of the organic P species could be partly attributed to their increasing immobilization by the sediment solids,while their degradation rates should be significantly lower than what were suggested in previous studies.     

基于阳离子树脂的Fenton非均相催化剂制备及性能测试

采用阳离子交换树脂颗粒为催化剂载体采用浸渍法负载二价铁离子,制备出非均相Fenton反应催化剂,并用该非均相Fenton催化剂氧化脱色亚甲基蓝溶液,考察其催化性能。实验结果表明:制备催化剂时最佳FeSO4浓度为16.67 mmol/L,pH=3.0,H2O2初始浓度为46.6 mmol/L,反应时间为30 min的条件下,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为0.028 mmol/L时,亚甲基蓝溶液在非均相Fenton催化氧化过程中,其脱色率可达92.9%。采用序批形式反应使用5次后,该非均相催化剂仍有良好的催化效果,反应30 min后亚甲基蓝溶液脱色率仍可达85.2%,拓宽了Fenton技术的使用范围。     

SPE-UFLC-MS/MS法测定制药废水中四环素类抗生素

文章建立了利用固相萃取-超快速液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-UFLC-MS/MS)测定制药废水中四环素类抗生素(土霉素、四环素和金霉素)残留的方法。水样经(30%硫酸锌+20%亚铁氰化钾)溶液作为沉淀剂沉淀蛋白质后,上清液采用Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集和净化,以(0.1%甲酸溶液+乙腈)为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经Agilent ZORBAX SB C18柱分离后,在串联质谱ES(I+)模式下进行MRM检测。该方法四环素类抗生素检出限(S/N=3时)0.02μg/L,3种目标物在0.010¹.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数在0.998 21.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数在0.998 2⁰.999 8之间。在0.20、0.40和0.60μg/L添加水平,各组分的回收率在80.8%0.999 8之间。在0.20、0.40和0.60μg/L添加水平,各组分的回收率在80.8%⁹7.2%之间,相对标准偏差在5.31%97.2%之间,相对标准偏差在5.31%⁹.92%之间。该方法可满足制药废水中四环素类抗生素残留检测的要求。     

湄公河下游国家水质管理状况与区域合作前景

本文分析了老挝、缅甸、泰国、柬埔寨和越南等湄公河下游五国的水质状况及原因,通过汇总湄公河五国的水质管理法律法规及水质标准和介绍各国的水质管理措施,阐述了湄公河国家在水质管理方面做出的努力以及水质管理中存在的问题,并对湄公河国家在流域水质区域合作方面进行了展望。