废弃绿茶对水溶液中Co2+的吸附研究

利用废弃绿茶叶粉末(简称茶叶末)作为吸附剂,考察了pH、温度、时间等对水溶液中Co2+的影响。结果表明:(1)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量随着pH的上升而上升,其中pH=5.50为最佳。茶叶末对Co2+的吸附量均随时间延长呈现上升趋势,吸附速度先快后慢,吸附最佳时间为90min。(2)不同温度下,茶叶末对Co2+的吸附较好地符合Langmuir模型。该吸附过程是化学离子交换过程,主要发生在重金属离子与羟基、氨基的氢原子之间。(3)茶叶末对Co2+的吸附是自发、放热过程,降温有利于吸附,反应时吸附界面上的混乱度增加。(4)盐酸是很好的解吸介质,解吸率为92.65%。通过灼烧(或燃烧)可以回收水溶液中绝大部分的Co2+,不仅减小了对环境的污染,而且节约了资源。     

Black Disease (Terpios hoshinota): A Probable Cause for the Rapid Coral Mortality at the Northern Reef of Yongxing Island in the South China Sea

The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline.     

含硫化氢油田地面工程设计实践与认识

文章分析了硫化氢(H2S)的危害,提出了含H2S油田地面工程设计思路。在长庆油田现有工艺流程的基础上,针对硫化氢的危害,通过采用地面工艺全流程密闭、选用抗硫工艺设备、管材等工艺技术,实现油田安全清洁生产,确保油田安全、高效开发。     

Potential flood hazard due to urban expansion in the karst mountainous region of North China

Since China’s economic reform in 1978, the cities of China have experienced rapid expansion and urbanization, thereby profoundly transforming the spatial pattern of urban land use in the karst regions, particularly in the urban mountainous area within city, and urbanization has had and continues to have a negative impact on urban mountain area in cities of China. With the rapid development of urbanization and civilization in these regions, environmental degradation has been increasingly serious, especially in the urban karst mountain area, thereby resulting in the destruction and breakage of urban hills that induce serious natural hazard, i.e., flood hazard.     

固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性

为了获得固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性,用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-活性炭微胶囊对实验室保存的对氯苯酚降解菌株进行固定化,在生物流化床中用固定化菌株在不同单因素实验条件下降解对氯苯酚废水,用气相色谱仪测定废水中对氯苯酚的降解率.结果表明,固定化对氯苯酚降解菌株处理污水的适宜条件为:HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种体积...     

蓄热式热氧化器的改进与应用

为了解决城市周边小企业挥发性有机物空气污染问题,研发了一种新型多蓄热室旋转换向蓄热式热氧化器,对现有蓄热式热氧化器内不合理的流通截面积分配比例进行了改进,并在北京市郊某工厂建设了处理能力3 000 m3/h的应用示范装置.应用情况表明,新型蓄热式热氧化器对VOC的处理效率可达96%,同时比常规热力焚烧炉节能70%以上....     

An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

广东河源电厂循环水高浓缩倍率试验研究及工程应用

循环冷却系统浓缩排污水是电厂最大的排污水,是节水减排和废水零排放的关键问题之一。以河源电厂为例,分析了电厂进水水质条件;选用了5种水稳剂,采取极限碳酸盐硬度计算浓缩倍率的方法,通过静动态阻垢、防腐与杀菌试验,探明了各种药剂的极限浓缩倍率,论证了河源电厂循环冷却系统10倍以上的浓缩倍率运行方式的可行性。按试验所确定的原则,河源电厂循环冷却水系统按10倍的浓缩倍率运行,一年来未出现腐蚀与结垢现象。分析了实际运行期间的运行数据,对我国循环冷却水处理、节约用水、减少排污具有一定的示范意义。     

我国各省市报废汽车量预测

根据统计数据,采用加权平均法计算我国汽车平均使用年限为12年;根据各省市1998—2008年汽车新增消费量统计数据,推测得到2010—2020年各省市汽车报废量;分析了报废汽车中载货车、客车和轿车结构特征和报废汽车东、中、西部区域分布特征。     

Determinations of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) isomers in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds from China by isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS

HBCD is widely used brominated flame retardant, which is increasingly reported in the environment. A new isotopic dilution LC-MS/MS method was developed to determine three HBCD isomers, α-, β- and γ-HBCD in channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds in this study, and especially for the first time HBCD isomers composition in crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds. Soxhlet extractor and GPC cleanup were used, some important steps and crucial parameters were modified and intensified compared with other literatures, and LC and MS/MS conditions were optimized. The limits of quantitation values of 0.01, 0.005 and 0.005 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in channel catfish and crayfish were calculated for three HBCD isomers, respectively; so did 0.1, 0.05 and 0.05 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in eggs and 0.2, 0.1, 0.1 ng g⁻¹ wet weight in fish feeds. Recoveries of α-HBCD, β-HBCD and γ-HBCD were ranged between 75% and 105% for these productions at medium and high-level spiked samples, and between 60% and 85% at low-level spiked samples. The established methods were therefore suitable for the determinations of three HBCD isomers in these productions at trace contamination levels. Moreover, thirty commercial channel catfish, crayfish, hen eggs and fish feeds samples collected from local markets, and thirty home-produced hen eggs from private owners in Hubei province of China, were analyzed to determine whether these productions were contaminated by HBCD. Using the established methods, HBCD emerged in 4 of 30 fish feeds and 3 of 30 home-produced eggs, and in low-ng g⁻¹ wet weight.