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931.
Sharma KK Rao CS Dubey JK Patyal SK Parihar NS Battu RS Sharma V Gupta P Kumar A Kalpana Jaya M Singh B Sharma ID Nath A Gour TB 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):25-31
In a field study carried out at three different locations, the dissipation of spiromesifen on cotton and chili was studied
and its DT50, and DT99 were estimated at each location. Spiromesifen was sprayed on chili at 96 and 192 g a.i. ha−1 and cotton at 120 and 240 g a.i. ha−1. Samples of chili fruits were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30 days after treatment and that of cotton seed and lint
at first picking and harvest. Soil samples were drawn 30 days after treatment from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm layer. Quantification
of residues was done on GC–MS in Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode in mass range 271–274 m/z. The LOQ of this method was
found 0.033 μg g−1, LOD being 0.01 μg g−1. The DT50 of spiromesifen when applied at recommended doses in chili fruits was found to be 2.18–2.40 days. Ninety-nine percent degradation
was found to occur within 14.5–16.3 days after application. Residues of spiromesifen were not detected in cotton seed and
lint samples at the first picking. In soil, no residues of spiromesifen were detectable 15 days after treatment. 相似文献
932.
Live feeds, especially Tubifex spp., which are collected from a wide variety of polluted habitats, are used by aquarium fish keepers in India. These habitats
receive domestic sewage and industrial wastes from nearby residential and industrial areas. Reports of morbidity and mortality
from aquarium fish culturists in and around Mumbai led to the present investigations on the ecology of these habitats with
a view to assess the water quality, presence of heavy metals in the environment and their bioaccumulation in Tubifex worms, and to examine whether these habitats could be exploited to meet the demand of the industry. Six natural red worm
(Tubifex spp.) collection centres in Mumbai and Thane districts of Maharashtra state in India constituting a major source of live
Tubifex supply to aquarium fish industry were evaluated for pollution, heavy metal concentration in water, sediments and in the body
tissues of Tubifex. Data revealed the presence of heavy metals in water and sediments at collection sites and bioaccumulation of cadmium, iron,
lead, zinc and copper in body tissues of Tubifex worms. Cadmium ranged from 2.38 to 7.21 mg/kg, iron 671.9 to 5738 mg/kg, lead 14.95 to 33.49 mg/kg, zinc 60.20 to 166.60 mg/kg
and copper 29.38 to 108.90 mg/kg of dry Tubifex worms. The study suggests that all the six collection sites are polluted and the red worms contaminated with heavy metals
and hence, unfit for use in aquaria or feeding any variety of fish or crustaceans in the hatcheries. 相似文献
933.
Tanthachoon N Chiemchaisri C Chiemchaisri W Tudsri S Kumar S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(5):603-612
The effect of compost and vegetation on methane (CH4) oxidation was investigated during wet and dry conditions in a tropical region. A laboratory-scale experiment was conducted to examine the performance of nonvegetated and vegetated landfill cover systems in terms of CH4 oxidation efficiency. Two types of landfill cover materials (compost and sandy loam) and two species of tropical grasses (Sporobolus virginicus and Panicum repens) were studied for their effect on the CH4 oxidation reaction. It was found that the use of compost as cover material could maintain a high methane oxidation rate (MOR) of 12 mol CH4/m3 x day over a 250-day period. Leachate application showed a positive effect on promoting methanotrophic activity and increasing MOR. A high MOR of 12 mol CH4/m3 x day was achieved when using compost cover with P. repens during wet and dry seasons when leachate irrigation was practiced. In dry conditions, a lower MOR of 8 mol CH4/m3 x day was observed for 80 days. 相似文献
934.
Feasibility of landfill gas as a liquefied natural gas fuel source for refuse trucks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zietsman J Bari ME Rand AJ Gokhale B Lord D Kumar S 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2008,58(5):613-619
The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to evaluate the feasibility of using landfill gas (LFG) as a liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel source for heavy-duty refuse trucks operating on landfills. Using LFG as a vehicle fuel can make the landfills more self-sustaining, reduce their dependence on fossil fuels, and reduce emissions and greenhouse gases. Acrion Technologies Inc. in association with Mack Trucks Inc. developed a technology to generate LNG from LFG using the CO2 WASH process. A successful application of this process was performed at the Eco Complex in Burlington County, PA. During this application two LNG refuse trucks were operated for 600 hr each using LNG produced from gases from the landfill. The methodology developed in this paper can evaluate the feasibility of three LFG options: doing nothing, electricity generation, and producing LNG to fuel refuse trucks. The methodology involved the modeling of several components: LFG generation, energy recovery processes, fleet operations, economic feasibility, and decision-making. The economic feasibility considers factors such as capital, maintenance, operational, and fuel costs, emissions and tax benefits, and the sale of products such as surplus LNG and food-grade carbon dioxide (CO2). Texas was used as a case study. The 96 landfills in Texas were prioritized and 17 landfills were identified that showed potential for converting LFG to LNG for use as a refuse truck fuel. The methodology was applied to a pilot landfill in El Paso, TX. The analysis showed that converting LFG to LNG to fuel refuse trucks proved to be the most feasible option and that the methodology can be applied for any landfill that considers this option. 相似文献
935.
Effect of sublethal treatment of (40% and 60% of 48 h LC50) of deltamethrin+MGK on phospholipid level and rate of lipid peroxidation in nervous and foot tissue of Lymnaea acuminata were studied. Maximum reduction in phospholipid (24.10%) level and increase in rate of lipid peroxidation (586.8%) were observed in foot tissue of snail exposed to 60% of 48 h LC50 of deltamethrin+MGK 264 for 96 h. Alterations in the levels of phospholipids and rate of lipid peroxidation were time and concentration dependent. Use of MGK-264 with deltamethrin increases the toxicity of deltamethrin and their action on membrane phospholipids and rate of lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
936.
Understanding the fundamentals of arsenic adsorption and oxidation reactions is critical for predicting its transport dynamics in groundwater systems. We completed batch experiments to study the interactions of arsenic with a common MnO2(s) mineral, pyrolusite. The reaction kinetics and adsorption isotherm developed from the batch experiments were integrated into a scalable reactive transport model to facilitate column-scale transport predictions. We then completed a set of column experiments to test the predictive capability of the reactive transport model. Our batch results indicated that the commonly used pseudo-first order kinetics for As(III) oxidation reaction neglects the scaling effects with respect to the MnO2(s) concentration. A second order kinetic equation that explicitly includes MnO2(s) concentration dependence is a more appropriate kinetic model to describe arsenic oxidation by MnO2(s) minerals. The arsenic adsorption reaction follows the Langmuir isotherm with the adsorption capacity of 0.053micromol of As(V)/g of MnO2(s) at the tested conditions. The knowledge gained from the batch experiments was used to develop a conceptual model for describing arsenic reactive transport at a column scale. The proposed conceptual model was integrated within a reactive transport code that accurately predicted the breakthrough profiles observed in multiple column experiments. The kinetic and adsorption process details obtained from the batch experiments were valuable data for scaling to predict the column-scale reactive transport of arsenic in MnO2(s)-containing sand columns. 相似文献
937.
Babu SH Kumar KS Suvardhan K Kiran K Rekha D Krishnaiah L Janardhanam K Chiranjeevi P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):241-249
A procedure was developed for the determination of Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and Mo in water samples by inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) after preconcentration on a morpholine dithiocarbamate (mor-DTC) supported by
bagasse (Saccharam aphisinaram). The sorbed elements were subsequently eluted with 4,M HNO3 and the acid eluates were analysed by ICP–AES. The influence of various parameters such as pH, flow rate of sample, eluent
concentration, volume of the sample and volume of eluent were investigated to enhance the sensitivity of the present method.
A 20,mL disposable syringe served as preconcentration column. Under the optimal conditions Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Mn, Pb and
Mo in aqueous sample was concentrated about 100-fold. The sorption recoveries of elements were higher than 99.6%. The method
is also applied for the analysis of natural and spiked water samples. 相似文献
938.
The treatment of solid waste is currently one of the major environmental problems facing municipalities. Thousands of tonnes of waste are generated each day, requiring a large area for disposal purposes. It is difficult to find suitable areas for the construction of such sanitary landfills as numerous criteria must be met, and landfill sites vary considerably in terms of their sophistication. The selection criteria for landfill sites should be as simple as possible, and with this in mind, we have evaluated a large number of random cases for the suitability of the site for landfill purposes using the recently advocated fuzzy approach. Using the fuzzy classification, we have attempted to develop a simple classification which uses only certain point values for available attributes. A normalized average of such attributes based on the proposed classifier is further evaluated using additionally generated random data sets. The results appear to be encouraging and indicate that the present classifier can be used as a substitute for the fuzzy-based ranking of landfill sites. 相似文献
939.
Tiku DK Kumar A Sawhney S Singh VP Kumar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,132(1-3):453-466
India has a large number of paper manufacturing units, with mills varying in size of operations and type of product, scattered
all over the length and breadth of the country. Present study deals with the survey of four different pulp and paper mills
(Mill A, Mill B, Mill C and Mill D) in India, differing in their scale of operation as well as raw material usage. Physico-chemical
characterization of wastewaters produced by different processing units like digestor house liquors, bleaching section, paper
machine backwaters, combined inlet to the ETP and outlet to ETP, for all the four mills, was conducted. Different parameters
like pH, Color, COD, BOD, percent Na, SAR, TDS and Total hardness were analyzed and compared. Highly significant differences
were thus found between all the processing units of all four mills with p values < 0.01. This evaluation showed that though these mills have effluent treatment facilities installed in their premises,
improvements are still needed to increase their efficiencies for treating the discharged wastewaters. 相似文献
940.
Maiti SK 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,125(1-3):111-122
Major environmental impacts of opencast mining are degradation of landscape and aesthetics of the area by creating huge overburden
dumps and deep voids at the mining sites. These overburden dumps are characterised by high rock fragment contents, low moisture
retention capacity, higher bulk density, low nutrients, lower pH and elevated metal concentrations. Overburden dumps are reclaimed
by tree species for stabilising as well as pollution control and overall improvement of the visual aesthetics. A field study
was carried out in the old reclaimed coal mine overburden dumps at KD Heslong project, Central Coalfields, India to study
the physico-chemical changes in the reclaimed overburden dumps and determines the magnitude of trace elements accumulation
in the planted tree species. Total, bioavailable and acid extractable trace metals concentration in minesoils of overburden
dump and topsoil in the mining areas was compared with undisturbed soil. The study showed that tree plantation improves the
moisture contents, bulk density, pH and overall nutrient contents of minesoils. The study revealed that lower pH in the minesoils
increases the bioavailabity of metals but concentration were found within toxic limits. However, ratio between total and bioavailable
metals was found lower in overburden dumps than topsoil due to low pH and lack of organic matter. Out of six tree species
studied, Bambusa shows highest accumulation of Fe and Cr. Bioaccumulation coefficient for Cr and Zn was found 74 times in Bambusa and 83 times in Dalbergia sissoo. The results of the study underscore the need for close monitoring of trace elements in reclaimed overburden dumps. Tree
species like Dalbergia sissoo, Eucalyptus, Cassia seamea, Acaccia mangium and Peltaphorum were found to be the best species for bioreclamation of overburden dumps. 相似文献