鄱阳湖水体细菌群落组成及遗传多样性

利用建立细菌16S rRNA基因文库和限制性内切酶长度多态性(RFLP)分析的方法,对鄱阳湖南、北湖区水体的细菌多样性进行了研究. 结果表明,鄱阳湖水体细菌多样性较高,且南湖区2007年水体的细菌多样性明显高于其2006年水体和北湖区水体. 主要细菌组成分析表明,鄱阳湖水体中的349个阳性克隆代表的167种基因型分别属于十大细菌类群,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)在4个克隆文库中占据了47%～81%,数量极其丰富,尤其是亚型的β-变形菌为优势菌群; 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)也广泛分布,且有2.9%～17.1%的克隆数属于未分类细菌. 研究结果进一步提示鄱阳湖水体有一定程度的富营养化.      

Preparation and characterization of a new TiO2/SiO2 composite catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmin

The TiO₂/SiO₂ composite was prepared by means of the SiO₂-particle-entrapment method. The FTIR data showed the presence of Si–O–Ti stretching vibration band at 970 cm⁻¹ in the TiO₂/SiO₂ composite, suggesting a reaction between TiO₂ and silica on the TiO₂ particle surface during the silicagel formation around the TiO₂ particles. The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO₂ immobilized in silicagel was compared with that of the conventional TiO₂ Degussa P25 catalyst. For this purpose, the degradation of indigo carmin (IC) dye was used as model molecule in the tests. The effect of operational parameters such as catalyst loading and dye concentration on the photocatalytic degradation of the model dye was investigated. The rate of degradation increased with increasing catalyst loading, and when the concentration of the dye decreases.     

提高武器装备的运输环境适应性

阐述了武器装备环境分析时应考虑的运输环境危害因素,讨论了这些因素对武器装备的影响.认为增强武器装备本身的运输环境适应能力、通过科学的包装减缓环境影响、或两种方法同时使用,是提高武器装备运输环境适应性的有效途径.     

固定化硝化菌去除废水中氨氮工艺的研究

采用聚乙烯醇－硼酸包埋固定化法,选用ＰＶＡ为包埋载体,粉末活性炭作为无机载体,包埋固定Ａ／Ｏ生物脱氮系统中的再经驯化过的硝化污泥,制成固定化硝化菌颗粒。     

镉对小鼠卵母细胞成熟和体外受精的影响

采用小鼠卵母细胞体外培养、体外受精的方法研究了CdCl2对小鼠卵母细胞的生发泡破裂（GVBD）、第一极体释放及体外受精（IVF）的影响．结果表明,CdCl₂对GVBD没有影响,但可以抑制卵母细胞第一极体的释放,影响卵母细胞的存活率并可降低IVF频率CdCl₂影响极体释放和IVF率可能是其对纺锤体的破坏,使得减数分裂不能正常进行,同时还可能影响微丝等细胞骨架成分,阻止正常胞质分裂实验结果还显示,CdCl₂这种抑制作用可能是可逆的,或者仅仅是对减数分裂的延迟作用．     

Odd-numbered perfluorocarboxylates predominate over perfluorooctanoic acid in serum samples from Japan, Korea and Vietnam

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has recently attracted attention as a potential health risk following environmental contamination. However, information detailing exposure to perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) other than PFOA is limited. We measured the concentrations of PFCAs (from perfluorohexanoic acid to perfluorotetradecanoic acid) in serum samples obtained from patients in Japan (Sendai, Takayama, Kyoto and Osaka) between 2002 and 2009, Korea (Busan and Seoul) between 1994 and 2008 and Vietnam (Hanoi) in 2007/2008. Total PFCA levels (geometric mean) were increased from 8.9 ng mL(-1) to 10.3 ng mL(-1) in Japan; from 7.0 ng mL(-1) to 9.2 ng mL(-1) in Korea; and were estimated at 4.7 ng mL(-1) in Vietnam. PFCAs of greater length than PFOA were significantly increased in Sendai, Takayama and Kyoto, Japan, and levels of long-chain PFCAs exceeded PFOA levels in serum. Among these PFCAs, perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) was the predominant component (28.5%), followed by perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA 17.5%), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA 7.9%), perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTrDA 6.1%) and perfluorododecanoic acid (PFDoDA 1.8%). Odd-numbered PFCAs (PFNA, PFUnDA and PFTrDA) were also observed in Korea and Vietnam and their presence increased significantly in Korea between 1994 and 2007/2008. The proportion of long-chain PFCAs in serum was relatively high compared to reports in Western countries. Further investigations into the sources and exposure routes are needed to predict the future trajectory of these serum PFCA levels.     

Pendrin mediates uptake of perchlorate in a mammalian in vitro system

Perchlorate is a known endocrine disruptor present in groundwater, vegetables and dairy food products in many regions of the United States. It interferes with the uptake of iodide into the thyrocyte by the sodium-iodide symporter at the basolateral surface, thus potentially disrupting the synthesis of thyroid hormone. Because transport of iodide from the thyroid follicular cells to the follicular lumen is mediated by the protein pendrin at the apical surface, we hypothesized that perchlorate may also interact with this protein. Therefore, HeLa cells were transfected with the human SLC26A4 gene, which encodes pendrin, to generate an in vitro mammalian system expressing the recombinant pendrin protein (HeLa-PDS). The HeLa-PDS cells, along with untransfected cells, were then cultured in presence of iodide and/or perchlorate. Intracellular levels of these two chemicals were measured by ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results from this study show that iodide and perchlorate uptake increases significantly in HeLa-PDS cells as compared to untransfected cells. Thus, recombinant HeLa cells expressing pendrin protein accumulate iodide and perchlorate intracellularly, indicating that pendrin is involved in the uptake of perchlorate. Additional results from this study suggest that iodide and perchlorate competitively inhibit each other for uptake by pendrin. The ability of perchlorate to compete with iodide for uptake by both basal and apical transporters may increase the potential of perturbation of thyroid homeostasis and therefore the estimated risk posed to susceptible human populations.     

微生物絮凝剂XM09活性成分分析及应用

从活性污泥中筛选出一株絮凝剂高产菌酱油曲霉M09,研究其所产絮凝剂的性质及处理实际废水的效果.结果发现,该絮凝剂XM09是M09分泌至细胞外的代谢产物,是富含羟基和羧基官能团的多糖类物质.以淀粉废水作为测试废水,采用SAS软件进行影响絮凝活性因素的响应面分析,获得了模拟程度较好的回归模型,进而得到最优的絮凝条件方案:M...     

Comparative toxicity of a brominated flame retardant (tetrabromobisphenol A) on microalgae with single and multi-species bioassays

The potential threat of emerging chemicals to the aquatic flora is a major issue. The purpose of the study was to develop a multispecies microalgae test in order to determine the impact of species interactions on the cytoxicity of an emergent toxic contaminant: the tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Single and multi-species tests were thus performed to study the effects of this flame retardant on two microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Nitzschia palea) commonly observed in freshwater. A synthetic medium was designed to allow the growth of both species. The algae were exposed to 1.8, 4.8, 9.2, 12.9 and 16.5 μM of TBBPA for 72 h. After staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), viable cells of each alga species were analyzed by flow cytometry based on chlorophyll autofluorescence and intracellular esterase activity. Density and abundance of viable cells were assessed to follow the population growth and the cell viability. In TBBPA treated samples, the growth of the two microalgae was significantly inhibited at the three highest concentrations (9.2, 12.9 and 16.5 μM) in the two tests. At the end of the experiment (t = 72 h), the cell viability was also significantly smaller at these concentrations. The decreases of growth rate and viable cell abundance in TBBPA treated populations of N. palea were significantly higher in multi-species test in comparison with the single-species test. No significant differences were noticed between the two tests for P. subcapitata populations exposed to TBBPA.     

Antibiotic contaminants in coastal wetlands from Vietnamese shrimp farming

Background and purpose  

Shrimp culture has been expanded rapidly in recent years in coastal wetland zone of Vietnam due to favorable natural conditions. However, this industry has caused several negative impacts to the environment. One of the critical issues is the excessive application of antibiotics including human medicines. These chemicals could be released from shrimp ponds and then accumulated and contaminated of the ecosystem. This review article discusses a whole range of findings that address various aspects of the usage, occurrence and potentially environmental risks of antibiotics released from shrimp farming, with emphasis on the South Vietnam coastal wetland.