Environmental regulatory failure and metal contamination at the Giap Lai pyrite mine, Northern Vietnam

The causes for the failure in enforcement of environmental regulations at the Giap Lai pyrite mine in northern Vietnam are considered and the environmental impacts that are associated with this mine are evaluated. It is shown that sulphide-rich tailings and waste rock in the mining area represent significant sources of acid rock drainage (ARD). The ARD is causing elevated metal levels in downstream water bodies, which in turn, represent a threat to both human health and to aquatic ecosystems. Metal concentrations in impacted surface waters have increased after mine closure, suggesting that impacts are becoming progressively more serious. No post-closure, remediation measures have been applied at the mine, in spite of the existence of environmental legislation and both central and regional institutions charged with environmental supervision and control. The research presented here provides further emphasis for the recommendation that, while government institutions may need to be strengthened, and environmental regulations need to be in place, true on the ground improvement in environmental quality in Vietnam and in many other developing countries require an increased focus on promoting public awareness of industrial environmental issues.     

Mercury in air in an area impacted by strong industrial activities

The concentrations of total gaseous mercury (TGM) and its relevant environmental parameters were measured at a highly industrialized area in the Ban Wall industrial complex (BWIC) in An San city, Korea from March to May 2005. The mean concentrations of Hg measured during the entire study period were computed to be 6.32 ± 8.56 ng m⁻³ (range of 2.32–181 ng m⁻³; N = 1160). Due to the effects of strong man-made activities, the significantly high Hg concentration levels (e.g., at or above 10 ng m⁻³) comprised about 7.5% of all data with the mean of 21.8 ± 26.3 ng m⁻³ (N = 87). By separating the data into daytime and nighttime periods, the Hg values exhibited a notable daytime enhancement possibly due to strong man-made activities during working hours. The results of the correlation analysis indicated the possible relationship between the Hg concentration and the temperature as well as several pollutant species (e.g., NO₂ and NO_x). Evaluation of the Hg data in relation with the air mass transport pattern confirms that the Hg concentration levels in this industrial area are affected most eminently by local, rather than distant, pollution sources.     

基于OMI数据的成渝城市群对流层NO2浓度遥感监测

利用Aura卫星的OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）传感器最新版对流层NO2垂直柱浓度数据产品,结合线性拟合、趋势分析和空间自相关分析等方法,系统分析了2005~2017年成渝城市群对流层NO2垂直柱浓度的时空特征及变化趋势。结果表明：OMI对流层NO2柱浓度数据与成渝城市群NO2地面监测数据变化趋势基本一致,且存在良好的相关性;时间上,2005~2012年NO2年均柱浓度增加明显,增幅达52.38%,2012年后呈下降趋势。NO2柱浓度季节变化明显,浓度水平基本为：冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。NO2柱浓度月均值具有类似于正弦函数的周期性,1年一个周期,低值出现在每年的7、8月,高值出现在11、12和1月;空间上,经济较发达地区的NO2浓度大于经济欠发达地区。2005~2012年99.58%的区域NO2浓度上升,2012~2017年80.50%的区域NO2下降,但是成渝城市群边缘的山区NO2浓度依然呈增长趋势。成都、重庆对流层NO2柱浓度具有明显的局部空间正相关特性。     

基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型

为解决储罐罐底点蚀问题,提出基于改进K-means和CNN的储罐罐底点蚀诊断模型,在传统聚类基础上引入肘部法则,保证k值选取3的准确性,将原始声发射信号特征参数和聚类后的类别信息输入模型进行训练,系统预测准确率高达99%。研究结果表明：该模型能够及时发现点蚀现象,指导管理者确定储罐开罐检查时间顺序,避免点蚀穿孔造成的人力、物力损失,降低储罐运行风险,保障储罐运行安全,研究结果可为罐底点蚀诊断提供技术支撑。     

High pyrolysis temperature biochar reduced the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 in porous media

Biochar has been widely applied for the remediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. However, the effect of biochar on the transport of petroleum degradation bacteria has not been studied. A typical Gram-positive petroleum degradation bacteria-Corynebacterium variabile HRJ4 was used to study the effect of different biochars on bacterial transport and retention. Results indicated that the addition of biochar in sand was effective for reducing the transport of bacteria and poplar sawdust biochar (PSBC) had a stronger hinder effect than corn straw biochar (CSBC). The hindrance was more evident with pyrolysis temperature of biochar raised from 300°C to 600°C, which was attributed to the increase of specific surface area (309 times). The hindrance effect also enhanced with higher application rate of biochar. Furthermore, the reduction of HRJ4 transport was more obvious in higher (25 mmol/L) concentration of NaCl solution owing to electrostatic attraction enhancement. The adsorption of biochar to HRJ4 was defined to contribute to the hindrance of HRJ4 transport mainly. Combining the influence of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on HRJ4 transport, it suggested that specific surface area had the greatest effect on HRJ4 transport, and pore-filling, electrostatic force also contributed to HRJ4 retained in quartz sand column. At last, phenol transportation experiment indicated that the restriction of biochar on HRJ4 enhanced the phenol removal rate in the column. This study provides a theoretical basis for the interaction of biochar and bacteria, which is vital for the remediation of oil-contaminated soil and groundwater in the field.     

我国自然保护区生态旅游业的发展

生态旅游是当今世界旅游组织大力提倡的最佳形式的旅游活动，自然5保护区为生态旅游提供了绝好的生态本底条件。本文探讨自然保护区生态旅游业的发展。     

Response surface method for modeling the removal of carbon dioxide from a simulated gas using water absorption enhanced with a liquid-film-forming device

This paper presents the results from using a physical absorption process to absorb gaseous CO_2mixed with N_2using water by producing tiny bubbles via a liquid-film-forming device(LFFD)that improves the solubility of CO_2in water.The influence of various parameters—pressure,initial CO_2concentration,gas-to-liquid ratios,and temperature—on the CO_2removal efficiency and its absorption rate in water were investigated and estimated thoroughly by statistical polynomial models obtained by the utilization of the response surface method(RSM)with a central composite design(CCD).Based on the analysis,a high efficiency of CO_2capture can be reached in conditions such as low pressure,high CO_2concentration at the inlet,low gas/liquid ratio,and low temperature.For instance,the highest removal efficiency in the RSM–CCD experimental matrix of nearly 80%occurred for run number 20,which was conducted at 0.30 MPa,CO_2concentration of 35%,gas/liquid ratio of 0.71,and temperature of 15°C.Furthermore,the coefficients of determination,R~2,were 0.996 for the removal rate and 0.982 for the absorption rate,implying that the predicted values computed by the constructed models correlate strongly and fit well with the experimental values.The results obtained provide essential information for implementing this method properly and effectively and contribute a promising approach to the problem of CO_2capture in air pollution treatment.     

微塑料对变形杆菌生物膜生长发育的影响

微塑料对生物膜的影响现阶段主要集中于对成熟生物膜群落组成结构变化的研究,缺乏对不同发育阶段生物膜的研究.为探究微塑料对不同发育阶段生物膜的影响,选用环境中广泛存在的变形杆菌和1 μm聚苯乙烯微塑料(PS-MPs)作为研究对象,通过暴露实验研究PS-MPs对生物膜生物量、胞外聚合物(EPS)组成和胞外酶活性的影响.结果表...     

料仓在污泥处置行业的应用研究

料仓是污泥堆肥处置厂污泥处理过程中必不可少的环节,选用合理的料仓形式至关重要,直接影响物料混合的均匀性和生产效率。针对污泥处置行业的脱水污泥、回填料、干料属性特点以及在实际工程中出现的问题提出了有效的改进办法,并开发了与料仓配套使用的脱水污泥料仓排料的均匀控制、回填料仓破拱的新装置,以期为污泥处置行业的混料系统的高效、节能、可靠运行提供一种新思路。     

干湿法解毒铬渣的综合利用研究

铬渣中含高浓度的六价铬,属于危险废物,未经无害化处置的铬渣泄露将严重污染水体和土壤,破坏生态环境.经银河化学公司研发的干湿法结合的“增压隔氧法”解毒工艺处理后,铬渣样品中总铬、六价铬去除率达99％以上.解毒后铬渣样品中总铬、六价铬含量满足《铬渣污染治理环境保护技术规范》(HT/T 301-2007)要求.铬渣解毒后不属于危险废物,可以综合利用于水泥混合材料生产中.