红阳猕猴桃果提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响

探讨了红阳猕猴桃果提取物对小鼠免疫功能的影响,采用冷冻干燥法制备红阳猕猴桃果提取物,观察其对小鼠碳粒廓清功能和环磷酰胺致免疫低下小鼠迟发型皮肤过敏反应的影响.结果表明,红阳猕猴桃果提取物高剂量灌胃可提高小鼠对碳粒的廓清指数和校正吞噬指数,可提高免疫低下小鼠的胸腺指数,增加耳肿胀程度.红阳猕猴桃果提取物对正常机体的非特异性免疫具有一定的促进作用,在一定程度上改善由环磷酰胺导致的免疫抑制,提高机体的特异性免疫功能.     

基于突变评价法的机务维修人员安全评价研究

针对机务维修人员安全评价中大多数综合评价方法需要确定指标体系的权重,且计算过于复杂的问题,将突变评价法应用到机务维修人员安全评价中,通过对评价指标进行分解排序,将底层评价指标进行标准量化后,运用突变理论的归一化公式进行计算,得到机务维修人员的突变评价值.通过Matlab计算,对评价值进行转换,使评价结果更具有实用价值.     

福建省环保投资对工业废水污染控制的影响分析

依据福建省2006-2011年环保投资的相关统计数据,对水污染治理投资和工业废水污染控制的关系进行深入分析,结果表明单位GDP水污染治理投资与工业废水排放量之间呈负相关。并指出福建省环境污染治理投资总量不足,单位GDP水污染治理投资比例偏低等问题,并针对这些问题提出应制定水污染治理投资规划,发展生态生产力并实施过程治理投资,使水污染得到真正有效的控制。     

Inactivation effect of pressurized carbon dioxide on bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 as a novel disinfectant for water treatment

The inactivation effects of pressurized CO2 against bacteriophage Qβ and ΦX174 were investigated under the pressure of 0.3–0.9 MPa, initial concentration of 107–109PFU/mL, and temperature of17.8°C–27.2°C. The optimum conditions were found to be 0.7 MPa and an exposure time of 25 min. Under identical treatment conditions, a greater than 3.3-log reduction in bacteriophage Qβ was achieved by CO2, while a nearly 3.0 log reduction was observed for phage ΦX174. The viricidal effects of N2O(an inactivation gas with similar characteristics to CO2), normal acid(HCl), and CO2 treatment with phosphate buffered saline affirmed the chemical nature of CO2 treatment. The pumping cycle, depressurization rate, and release of intracellular substances caused by CO2 were its viricidal mechanisms. The results indicate that CO2 has the potential for use as a disinfectant without forming disinfection by-products.     

安铺港表层沉积物中重金属污染现状及潜在生态风险评价

通过对21个表层沉积物样品中的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg、As等7种重金属元素含量进行测定,分析了安铺港沉积物中重金属的空间分布特征及其对港湾生态环境的危害状况。采用重金属单因子污染系数、综合污染指数对其污染程度进行了评价,并采用Hàkanson潜在生态危害系数与潜在生态风险指数法对重金属潜在危害进行了预测。结果表明:安铺港表层沉积物中重金属含量空间离散性较大,总体处于低污染状态,各重金属污染程度依次为Hg > Cd > Pb > As > Zn > Cu > Cr;安铺港潜在生态风险危害总体属于低生态危害范畴,重金属生态危害系数的排序为Hg > Cd > As > Pb > Cu > Cr > Zn;各金属与有机质及相互之间较显著的正相关,其中,Cd与有机质和各金属的相关性略低。     

The analysis of greenhouse gas emissions/reductions in waste sector in Vietnam

The global waste sector produces, on average, 2–5 % of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The amount of GHG emissions has grown steadily and is predicted to increase considerable in the forthcoming decades because of the increases in population and gross domestic product (GDP). However, the GHG mitigation opportunities for the sector are still fully not exploited, in particularly in developing countries. A series of initiatives were highly successful and showed that large reductions in emissions are possible. This study aims to propose a holistic quantification model, which can be used for estimation of waste generation and evaluation of the potential reduction of GHG emissions in waste sector for developing countries with a particular application to Vietnam. The two scenarios set for the study were business as usual (BaU) which waste management is assumed to follow past and current trends and CounterMeasure (CM) which alternative waste treatment and management are assessed. Total emissions in the BaU scenario are projected to increase from 29.47 MtCO₂eq in 2010 to 85.60 MtCO₂eq by 2030 and 176.32 MtCO₂eq by 2050. The highest emissions are due to methane (CH₄) released by disposal sites, accounting for about 60 % of the GHG emissions from waste in Vietnam in 2030. This emission is projected to increase significantly (67 % in 2050), unless more of the methane is captured and used for energy generation. The CM scenario gives emission reductions from 25.7 % (2020), 40.5 % (2030) to 56.6 % (2050) compared to the BaU scenario. The highest GHG reduction is achieved through recycling, followed by methane recovery to optimize the co-benefit for climate change mitigation.     

镉对河南华溪蟹肝胰腺线粒体的影响

运用透射电镜技术、电镜细胞化学技术、酶组织化学技术和JC-1荧光染色,观察不同浓度镉对河南华溪蟹(Sinopotamon henanense)肝胰腺线粒体的损伤.实验设对照组和5个染毒组:3.56、7 12、14.25、28.49和56.98 mg·L-1,处理时间为72 h.透射电镜观察显示,在低浓度组,线粒体轻度肿胀,部分线粒体外膜破裂,随染毒浓度的增加,线粒体水肿增加,嵴缩短甚至消失,直至线粒体破裂.酶组织化学检测显示,琥珀酸脱氢酶(succinic dehydrogenase,SDH)主要在细胞浆中表达,呈蓝紫色颗粒.SDH活性在3.56、7.12和14.25 mg·L-1浓度组中比对照组显著增加(p＜0.05),而在28.49和56.98 mg·L-1浓度组中没有明显变化.SDH的亚细胞定位结果与酶组织化学检测的结果一致.JC-1荧光强度在3.56、7.12和14.25 mg·L-1浓度组比对照组显著增加(p＜0.05).线粒体膜电位与SDH的活性有正相关性(r=0.736,p＜0.05).结果显示,镉引起线粒体结构损伤、功能障碍,并与镉浓度具有剂量-效应关系.线粒体是镉细胞毒性的重要靶位.     

纺织印染废水闭路循环处理工程设计

本文主要讲述印染废水产生情况及处理方法,介绍了以膜分离技术为核心的印染废水闭路循环处理技术,采用絮凝-砂滤-纳滤膜集成技术处理印染废水的工程应用,取得良好的处理效果.在进水水质为:COD:774mg/L、电导率:2140us/cm、SS:286 mg/L、色度:32倍的情况下,出水可达到COD为＜10mg/L、电导率＜ 300 s/ms、浊度、SS和色度均检测不到.符合中华人民共和国《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准.     

氟化工行业循环经济模式构建研究

氟化工是化工行业中发展最快、最具高新技术和最有前景的行业之一。如何使该行业持续健康发展,走循环经济是其根本出路。文章中论述了氟化工企业目前存在的主要问题,提出了氟化工企业实施循环经济的基本途径,并以青海某氟化工企业为实例,论述了该氟化工企业从延长产业链、采用清洁生产工艺、能源回收利用、水资源利用、固废资源综合利用、工艺尾气资源利用等方面构建循环经济模式,为同类型氟化工企业循环经济建设提供参考。     

Advanced Aerogels from Wool Waste Fibers for Oil Spill Cleaning Applications

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Oil spills causes severe degradation to marine ecosystems and poses long term health effects on many animals on the food chain, including humans. A...