Green environmental technologies and waste utilization

Environmental Science and Pollution Research -     

Main and added effects of heatwaves on hospitalizations for mental and behavioral disorders in a tropical megacity of Vietnam

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Vietnam is highly vulnerable to climate change-related extreme weather events such as heatwaves. This study assesses the association between heatwaves...     

Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in workplace and house dust from Vietnam: concentrations,profiles, emission sources,and exposure risk

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The occurrence of nine phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were determined in indoor dust samples collected from vehicle repair shops, waste processing...     

Foliar application of several reagents reduces Cd concentration in wheat grains

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) in agricultural soils can be absorbed by wheat and transferred into the grains, risking human health. In order to find the optimal foliar...     

乡村空间重构与土地利用转型耦合机制及路径分析

科学揭示乡村空间重构与土地利用转型的耦合发展关系,有利于为中国乡村振兴和城乡融合发展提供理论基础和实践依据。运用文献综述、理论分析阐释二者的耦合机理及驱动因子。主要结论如下：（1）重构乡村空间是对新一轮乡村转型发展要求的积极回应,土地作为乡村地域的关键发展要素,通过其利用形态的多维转化适应不同的空间重构场景。（2）乡村空间重构是土地利用转型的重要驱力,也为土地利用转型提供不竭的现实需求,土地利用的成功转型是乡村空间重构结果的显著表征,二者交互影响,存在耦合互动关系。（3）空间规划、政策制度、产业结构、利益主体及生态理念的多轮驱动机制共同对其耦合关系施加影响,不同作用机制下的作用效力、方向有所不同。（4）新时代下促进乡村空间重构与土地利用转型耦合发展的一个重要思路是全方位探寻土地利用优化转型的多维路径,总体上应立足生态文明的价值位序,以空间规划为约束机制,以产业结构升级为诱发机制,以多方利益协调为保障机制,同时创新土地政策制度机制,从而提高耦合水平,助力乡村振兴战略实施。     

CHARACTERIZATION OF PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION FROM OPEN BURNING OF RICE STRAW

Emission from field burning of crop residue, a common practice in many parts of the world today, has potential effects on air quality, atmosphere and climate. This study provides a comprehensive size and compositional characterization of particulate matter (PM) emission from rice straw (RS) burning using both in situ experiments (11 spread field burning) and laboratory hood experiments (3 pile and 6 spread burning) that were conducted during 2003-2006 in Thailand. The carbon balance and emission ratio method was used to determine PM emission factors (EF) in the field experiments. The obtained EFs varied from field to hood experiments reflecting multiple factors affecting combustion and emission. In the hood experiments, EFs were found to be depending on the burning types (spread or pile), moisture content and the combustion efficiency. In addition, in the field experiments, burning rate and EF were also influenced by weather conditions, i.e. wind. Hood pile burning produced significantly higher EF (20±8 g kg(-1) RS) than hood spread burning (4.7±2.2 g kg(-1) RS). The majority of PM emitted from the field burning was PM(2.5) with EF of 5.1±0.7 g m(-2) or 8.3±2.7 g kg(-1) RS burned. The coarse PM fraction (PM(10-2.5)) was mainly generated by fire attention activities and was relatively small, hence the resulting EF of PM(10) (9.4±3.5 g kg(-1) RS) was not significantly higher than PM(2.5). PM size distribution was measured across 8 size ranges (from <0.4 μm to >9.0 μm). The largest fractions of PM, EC and OC were associated with PM(1.1). The most significant components in PM(2.5) and PM(10) include OC, water soluble ions and levoglucosan. Relative abundance of some methoxyphenols (e.g., acetylsyringone), PAHs (e.g., fluoranthene and pyrene), organochlorine pesticides and PCBs may also serve as additional signatures for the PM emission. Presence of these toxic compounds in PM of burning smoke increases the potential toxic effects of the emission. For illustration, an estimation of the annual RS field burning in Thailand was made using the obtained in situ field burning EFs and preliminary burning activity data.     

试论制冷剂现状及其研究试验

阐述制冷剂与环保的关系,分析常用制冷剂对安全、环保的影响,探讨制冷剂研究的发展方向并介绍一种安全、环保、节能的制冷剂.     

Synthesis and application of insect attractants in Vietnam

Detrimental effects of synthetic pesticides on health, environment and organisms have necessitated the exploration of alternative strategies for insect control. The insect attractants represent an important link within these systems. In Vietnam, since 1970, methyleugenol and its analogues have been synthesized for mass trapping of the fruitfly Daccus dorsalis Hendel. This chemical reduced the damage on the oranges of many plantations in our country. In the period 1978–1980, for the first time some selected types of pheromones were tested. The trials verified and provided evidence of the occurrence of six species of moth in southeast Vietnam: Archips micaceanus, Archips seminubilus, Cadra caustella, Spodoptera exigua, Chysodeixis eriosoma and Parapoynx sp. The last decade has seen intense activity in the elaboration and application of some complex systems of fighting plant pests. Pheromones of moth and weevils have been prepared in the Institute of Agrochemistry and the Institute of Tropical Biology NCST: Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn, Heliothis armigera Hbn, Plutella xylostella Curt, Adoxophyes sp, Lyonetia clerckella, Trogoderma granarium, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Blattela germanica, Diprion, Neodiprion, Scolytus multistriatus, Scolytus scolytus, Lasioderma sericorne, Tribolium cofusum. Some synthetic aspects of these pheromones are described. The use of pheromone traps for monitoring and mass trapping the Scolytus multistriatus, Tribolium confusum, Plutella xylostella Curt, Heliothis armigera Hbn, Cylas formicarius elegantulus will be discussed.     

建筑雷害与建筑物防雷击的电涌保护

建筑物受雷击导致了电涌的安全运行问题受到威胁.本文分析了建筑物受雷击的途径,提出了防雷击的电涌保护措施以及通信电源的管理.