A 21-year record of methoxylated and hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in sediments from the East China Sea

Sediments are major sinks for organic pollutants and therefore can be used as archives of pollutant history. Methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are of increasing concern because of their potential toxicity and worldwide distribution. However, there is limited information on these compounds in marine environments. Here we determined the contents of nine MeO-PBDE, ten OH-PBDE and total organic carbon in a sediment core collected from the inner shelf of the East China Sea in 2009. The historical trends of 6-MeO-BDE47, 6-OH-BDE47 and total organic carbon were reconstructed. Our results show that 6-MeO-BDE47 concentrations present no significant trend from 1987 to 2005 and then increase from 2005 to 2008. 6-OH-BDE47 concentrations generally increase slightly from 1987 to the end of the 1990s and then decrease. Comparisons between 6-OH-BDE47 and 6-MeO-BDE47 as well as total organic carbon suggest that 6-OH-BDE47 is mainly from terrigenous inputs.     

高校宿舍建筑火灾场景人员疏散模拟研究

采用Building Exodus 4.0模拟软件,研究了某校园宿舍建筑火灾场景下的出口宽度,可用出口数目,可用疏散楼梯数目以及人员对出口的熟悉程度等对疏散的影响规律.结果表明,在出口宽度到达某一阈值前,所需疏散时间随其增加而减少,超过该阈值之后,继续增加宽度对所需疏散时间影响甚微;随着可用出口和疏散楼梯数目的增加,所需疏散时间逐渐减少;人员对出口越熟悉,所需疏散时间越短.     

Governance approach to China''s environmental challenges:Towards a theoretical synthesis

This paper reviewed recent research in environmental governance as a response to environmental challenges at various spatial, temporal and administrative scales. It documented the shift of approach from regulation to governance, and attempted to provide a comprehensive understanding why and how the transformation occurred. It also described major factors and forces of environmental governance, and discussed research advance in environmental governance theory. Finally, this paper summarized recent research findings on environmental governance in China, and listed policy recommendation for enhancing the governance.     

曝气器工业化性能测试研究

对7种曝气器产品分别进行了单盘耐用性生产试验、单盘清水充氧性能试验以及对在大生产试验期间的服务面积、供气量、阻力变化、停气后阻力变化、曝气强度等方面进行了测试对比工作。试验表明,中微孔曝气器的各种性能指标明显优于大孔曝气器,可显著提高混合液中氧的吸收率。     

Sulphur-containing metabolites of the fungicides pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) I. Syntheses

Syntheses of sulphur-containing metabolites of the fungicides pentachloronitrobenzene and hexachlorobenzene are described.     

川蔓藻对两种常见浮游藻类的化感作用

选取沉水植物川蔓藻与浮游藻类普通小球藻、铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,测定在川蔓藻共培养胁迫下2种藻单独存在和按1：1（V：V）混合情况下的光密度、叶绿素a、最大光化学量子产量、相对电子传递速率、可溶性糖、丙二醛以及超氧化物歧化酶活性的变化.结果表明：在川蔓藻存在的条件下,普通小球藻、铜绿微囊藻和二者混合藻的生长被快速强烈抑制,抑制率在第6d时达到最大值,分别为80.95%、94.18%和94.01%.3个处理组的光密度值、叶绿素a、可溶性糖及最大光化学量子产量等指标均低于对照组,且随时间呈明显的下降趋势,说明其光合能力逐渐减弱.而丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶指标在0~6d却高于对照组,表明可能发生了浮游藻类膜质过氧化过程.     

Control of exhaled SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the interpersonal breathing microenvironment in a ventilated room with limited space air stability

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlights the importance of understanding and controlling the spread of the coronavirus between persons. We experimentally and numerically investigated an advanced engineering and environmental method on controlling the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols in the breathing microenvironment between two persons during interactive breathing process by combining the limited space air stability and a ventilation method. Experiments were carried out in a full-scale ventilated room with different limited space air stability conditions, i.e., stable condition, neutral condition and unstable condition. Two real humans were involved to conducted normal breathing process in the room and the exhaled carbon dioxide was used as the surrogate of infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from respiratory activities. A correspondent numerical model was established to visualize the temperature field and contaminated field in the test room. Results show that the performance of a ventilation system on removing infectious airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols from the interpersonal breathing microenvironment is dependent on the limited space air stability conditions. Appropriate ventilation method should be implemented based on an evaluation of the air condition. It is recommended that total volume ventilation methods are suitable for unstable and neutral conditions and local ventilation methods are preferable for stable conditions. This study provides an insight into the transmission of airborne SARS-CoV-2-laden aerosols between persons in ventilated rooms with different limited space air stability conditions. Useful guidance has been provided to cope with COVID-19 in limited spaces.     

保定地区PM2.5中重金属元素的污染特征及健康风险评价

为了解保定市大气环境中PM_2.5中重金属的污染特征及其健康风险,在保定市设立观测站点,利用中流量颗粒物采样器对保定市大气PM_2.5进行了连续昼夜采集,并使用微波消解-电感耦合等离子质谱法分析了样品中的V、Cr、Mn、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb等10种重金属元素的质量浓度.结果表明,保定市大气PM_2.5浓度范围为16.84~476.19 μg·m^-3,采样期间有65d高于我国《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095-2012）中的二级标准,超标率为54.2%.保定市PM_2.5中重金属元素的浓度变化趋势为：除Ni、Mn和Co外,夜间浓度略大于日间;大部分重金属元素秋冬季浓度大于春夏季.富集因子分析可知,保定市Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd主要来自于人为源,特别是受到交通源的影响较大.健康风险评估结果表明,保定市大气PM_2.5中的重金属污染的非致癌风险较小,致癌风险主要是As、Cr、Cd和Co,且成年人的致癌风险大于儿童.     

基于物元可拓集法的蛟龙污水处理厂出水水环境质量评价

可以从定性、定量两个角度解决问题的物元可拓法已被广泛应用于各个领域。选取具有代表性的BOD5、NH3-N、石油类、CODcr、粪大肠菌群五项指标为待评物元,取Ⅰ至Ⅴ类水质标准对应的取值范围构造经典域物元矩阵,按照污染贡献率法确定各特征的权重,应用建立的水质评价物元模型计算出关联度0.10,得出该污水处理厂出水环境质量属于Ⅲ级。研究表明,运用物元可拓集模型评价水环境质量具有可信性和实用性。     

草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本实验目的是研究草木灰对吸附亚甲基蓝的去除效果,探讨了亚甲基蓝初始量、吸附时间、pH值等对吸附效果的影响,并运用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学模型和Laugmuir、Freundlich等温线模型进行拟合。结果表明,草木灰对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附在5 min~30 min速率比较快,约在65 min内达到吸附平衡,pH越大越有利于吸附,浓度在5mg/L时草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附最佳。与伪二级动力学曲线模型拟合效果较好,由Laugmuir等温线模型计算得出理论最大吸附容量Qm为2.275 mg/g,吸附性能优异。