考虑可靠性要素的应急物流设施选址分配问题的建模研究

为了提升防灾减灾系统的运行效率,研究应急物流设施选址-分配问题,构建考虑设施可靠性要素的双目标混合整数规划模型,以最小化系统总成本和最大化客户需求覆盖率为目标,确定应急物流中心的选址区位和各节点间各种物资的分配方案;考虑即使是选中开放的设施,也存在一定的中断概率,因此以不同情形表示开放设施中存在中断设施的情况;最后,通过MATLAB实现NSGAII算法,对模型求解,得出灾害发生时应急物流设施需求覆盖率与系统总成本的关系,为灾害发生后救援系统救灾成本和受灾点需求满足程度的权衡优化,提供可参考思路。     

孕期低剂量镉暴露对不同性别胎鼠肝脏发育的影响及其分子调控机制的研究

为探究镉对胎儿肝脏发育的毒性作用.拟选用15只性成熟的8周龄的雌性C57BL/6小鼠,与雄鼠交配见栓后,于妊娠第7.5 d(Embryonic 7.5,E7.5)时,随机分为3组(每组5只),分别通过饮用水暴露法饲喂0、20和40 mg·L^-1的氯化镉溶液,并于E14.5 d时收集各组小鼠的胎儿肝脏等组织.通过Ki67和TUNEL染色方法探究镉对不同性别胎鼠肝脏的增殖功能和凋亡功能的影响,并通过PCR芯片筛查和实时定量PCR方法检测镉处理组的雌性和雄性胎鼠肝脏中与细胞增殖和凋亡功能相关基因的表达变化.此外,我们还将通过石墨炉火焰原子吸收技术对镉处理组的雌性和雄性胎鼠的镉含量进行检测.结果显示:孕期低剂量镉暴露对胎儿体重、胎肝重量和肝脏指数均无显著性影响.在本实验条件下,镉对胎鼠肝脏的凋亡功能无显著性影响,但对增殖功能具有抑制作用,且该抑制作用具有雌性依赖性的特征.镉特异性诱导雌性胎鼠肝脏中NF1等多个细胞增殖功能相关基因以及TGF-β1信号通路分子的表达失衡;但对雄性胎鼠肝脏中相关基因的表达水平无显著性影响.镉在雌性胎儿组织中的积累量显著高于雄性胎儿组织.综上所述,孕期低剂量镉暴露特异性抑制雌性胎儿肝脏的细胞增殖功能,并诱导雌性胎儿肝脏中NF1等多个增殖功能相关基因以及TGF-β1信号通路分子的表达失衡,该性别依赖性的抑制作用可能与镉在雌性胎儿中相对较高的积累量相关.     

黄土高原发展与生态改善

“陇中之苦,甲于天下”。这是黄土高原对甘肃定西地区和宁夏的西吉、海原、固原(西海固)的历史性结论。政府和国际援助多年来的努力使这一带的贫困状况有所减轻。但是至今这种状况仍然没有全部改观,特别是在远离城市和道路的深山。“三西”依然是中国最贫困的地区。究其原因,降水少而干旱,是生产效率低下的主因。频繁的旱灾往往使粮食绝收,人畜干渴而死;而夏秋集中的豪雨及多发的冰雹,又往往毁坏农作物和冲毁田地。     

Evolution of urban black and odorous water: The characteristics of microbial community and driving-factors

Urban black blooms that are primarily caused by organic carbon are deleterious environmental problems. However, detailed studies on the microbial characteristics that form urban black blooms are lacking. In this study, we observed the composition, diversity, and function of bacterial community in the overlying water and sediments during the occurrence and remediation of urban black blooms using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing analysis. First, we found that pivotal consortia in ...     

Assessing Health Benefits of Controlling Air Pollution from Power Generation: The Case of a Lignite-Fired Power Plant in Thailand

The impact pathway approach (IPA) is used to estimate quantitatively the level of health effects caused by particulate matter (PM₁₀) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emission from a lignite-fired power plant located in the Mae Moh area in northern region of Thailand. Health benefits are then assessed by comparing the levels of estimated health impacts without and with the installation of the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) equipment. The US EPA industrial source complex model is used to model air pollution dispersion at the local scale, and the sector average limited mixing meso-scale model is used to model air pollution transport at the regional scale. The quantification of the health end points in physical terms is carried out using the dose–response functions established recently for the population in Bangkok, Thailand. Monetarization of these effects is based on the benefit transfer method with appropriate adjustment. Finally, it has been found that the installation of the FGD to control SO₂ emission at Mae Moh significantly reduces adverse health effects not only on the population living near the power plant but also all over the country. A FGD unit installed at the 300-MW power unit can result, on average, in 16 fewer cases of acute mortality, 12 fewer cases of respiratory and cardiac hospital admissions, and almost 354,000 fewer days with acute respiratory symptoms annually. In monetary terms this benefit is equivalent to US $18.2 million (1995 prices) per annum. This benefit is much higher than the annualized investment and operation costs of FGD (US $7.4 million/yr).     

On the morphology of summer algae dynamics in non-stratified lakes

In the need for a model able to explain both slow and rapid changes in the behavior of algae, this paper applies a special technique to the construction of a more realistic dynamical system. The result is a transformation of a Monod type growth rate into an integrated Rabinowitch nonlinear functional form. A cusp catastrophe is subsequently unfolded from the state representation equation. Several qualitative aspects of the eutrophication phenomena then arise from the geometry of the model in a natural way. Also elucidated are the possible size of a collapsed algae biomass and the estimation of summerkill risks.     

Regimes of human and climate impacts on coastal changes in Vietnam

Vietnam is a tropical to subtropical country located on the eastern Asian coast where the Red (Song Hong) and Mekong rivers discharge into the sea. The catchments of these two transboundary rivers cover parts of six countries, and their water and sediment discharges greatly influence the coastal seas of Vietnam. The impact of human activities include changes in the supply and distribution of water, sediments, and nutrients; changes in the relationships and balance among dynamically interacting factors and processes; and changes in the quality of the coastal and marine environments due to the increased use and accumulation of pollutants and the loss of habitats. These impacts have resulted in increasing unpredictability and severity of coastal problems such as floods, erosion, sedimentation, and saltwater intrusion; environmental pollution; and the degradation of ecosystems, with accompanying decrease in biodiversity and fishery productivity.     

某氯碱企业液氯泄漏毒害区域危险性评价

针对某氯碱企业液氯贮罐区域潜在的中毒危险性，建立有毒物质泄漏事故后果中毒模型，对其泄漏毒害区域进行了定量分析。     

武汉市马鞍山森林公园夏季鸟类资源及其评价

2005年4—10月调查了武汉市马鞍山森林公园的夏季鸟类资源,共记录鸟类55种,隶属11目24科,其中夏候鸟15种,占27.27%;留鸟40种,占72.73%。有国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类5种,国家保护的有益或有重要经济、科研价值的鸟类43种,湖北省重点保护鸟类23种。对公园夏季鸟类资源进行了评价,并提出了管理建议。     

Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies

Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Results: Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. Discussion: We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Impact on Industry: Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained.