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911.
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913.
The inhibitory effect of aniline in photochemical smog reactions was studied using actual Toronto air samples. An aniline concentration of 0.81 pphm had negligible effect in a light traffic air sample containing negligible NO, whereas 20 pphm in a heavy traffic sample caused a 70% decrease in the oxidant dosage, a 50% decrease in the NO2 peak and a four-fold increase in the NO half-life. In experiments with propylene in synthetic mixtures, the half-life of propylene was increased from 144 min. to 192 min. by the present of 20 pphm of aniline. In addition, a thirty-fold increase in condensation nuclei was produced following a one hour induction period. A chemical mechanism is proposed which is consistent with these results. Although the condensation nuclei detected may be too small to produce light scattering, they may be retained in the lung. In addition they may grow in size. These consequences do not favour the use of aniline as an inhibitor in photochemical smog. 相似文献
914.
Zhang B Vautard R Oanh NT 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2005,55(7):903-918
Two photochemical smog modeling systems, UAM-V/ SAIMM (the Variable-Grid UAM/Systems Applications International Mesoscale Model) and CHIMERE/ECMWF (European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast), are applied to the same tropical domain (Bangkok Metropolitan Region) and the same episode (January 13-14, 1997) to evaluate their relative performance using the same anthropogenic emission database (emission database available at the Pollution Control Department [PCD] 1997). Ozone (O3) produced by both models meets U.S. Environment Protection Agency (EPA) suggested prediction criteria of mean normalized bias error and mean normalized gross error on January 14 but none on January 13. Both models are tested with various modified databases of precursors emissions from the PCD original database. Performance of UAM-V is the best when using the modified emission data with volatile organic compound (VOC), NOx, and CO mobile source emission reduced by 50%, 50%, and 20% from the original database. CHIMERE suggests a similar emission database except for the VOC emission, which is a reduction by 40% from the original PCD mobile source emission. Spatial and temporal variations of O3, CO, NOy (total reactive nitrogen), and Ox (NO2+O3) predicted by both model systems using the modified 相似文献
915.
南京市区植物叶片氮、硫、铅含量与大气污染评价 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对南京市区的各功能区植物叶片中的氮、硫、铅元素含量的分析,研究了植物大气环境污染指数,探讨了植物叶片的氮、硫、铅元素含量的季节变化,以及与城市大气环境污染之间的关系。结果表明,植物叶片中,硫、铅元素的含量随季节变化不断增加,而氮元素含量相应减少;各功能区的硫、铅元素含量明显高于清洁对照区;用植物污染指数可以综合评价大气环境的质量状况。 相似文献
916.
简要分析了山西中部的历史地震灾害,用地震安全性评定的综合概率法计算了每个单元遭遇烈度的概率,并对建筑物类型进行分类,根据各类建筑物的易损性矩阵和不同类型单元的人涡震亡率、震伤率矩阵,计算出各个单元建筑物的期望经济损失和人员伤亡期望绝对值,并对计算结果进行了分析和比较。 相似文献
917.
A research method was presented for spatially quantifying and allocating the potential activity of a fine particle matter emission ( PM2.5 ), which originated from residential wood burning (RWB) in this study. Demographic, hypsographic, climatic and topographic data were compiled and processed within a geographic information system(GIS), and as independent variables put into a linear regression model for describing spatial distribution of the potential activity of residential wood burning as primary heating source. In order to improve the estimation, the classifications of urban, suburban and rural were redefined to meet the specifications of this application. Also, several definitions of forest accessibility were tested for estimation. The results suggested that the potential activity of RWB was mostly determined by elevation of a location, forest accessibility, urban/non-urban position, climatic conditions and several demographic variables. The linear regression model could explain approximately 86% of the variation of surveyed potential activity of RWB. The analysis results were validated by employing survey data collected mainly from a WebGIS based phone interview over the study area in central California. Based on lots free public GIS data, the model provided an easy and ideal tool for geographic researchers, environmental planners and administrators to understand where and how much PM2.5 emission from RWB was contributed to air quality. With this knowledge they could identify regions of concern, and better plan mitigation strategies to improve air quality. Furthermore, it allows for future adjustment on some parameters as the spatial analysis method is implemented in the different regions or various eco-social models. 相似文献
918.
919.
新生MnO2对甲基橙的脱色作用研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以化学法合成的新生MnO2作吸附剂,对水中甲基橙染料进行吸附脱色研究,探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理。结果表明:新生MnO2对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附速率大吸附前溶液pH值是影响染料脱色效果的最主要因素,吸附后溶液pH值和温度影响程度较小。在实验条件下可使甲基橙脱色率达99%。 相似文献
920.