工业挥发性有机物排放控制的有效途径研究

挥发性有机物（VOCs）由于易挥发性,其控制途径有别于其他大气污染物.通过对VOCs排放特点的研究,提出了源头控制、有组织排放控制、无组织排放控制和总量控制四类控制途径,并对每类控制途径的控制方式进行了分析比较.     

塑料垃圾的热解气化实验研究

在小型外热式固定床实验台上,对塑料垃圾进行高温热解实验研究。研究主要针对不同的热解终温,目的是弄清热解过程的规律、热解温度对热解产物的影响、热解终温和产气量及气体成分的组分之间的关系。尤其研究了在热解处于末期的时候,强化水煤气反应对结果的影响。     

Controlling various contaminants in wastewater effluent through membranes and engineered wetland

For effective wastewater reclamation and water recovery, the treatment of natural and effluent organic matters (NOM and EfOM), toxic anions, and micropollutants was considered in this work. Two different NOM (humic acid of the Suwannee River, and NOM of US and Youngsan River, Korea), and one EfOM from the Damyang wastewater treatment plant, Korea, were selected for investigating the removal efficiencies of tight nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with different properties. Nitrate, bromate, and perchlorate were selected as target toxic anions due to their well known high toxicities. Tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate (TCEP), oxybenzone, and caffeine, due to their different K _ow and pK _a values, were selected as target micropollutants. As expected, the NF membranes provided high removal efficiencies in terms of all the tested contaminants, and the UF membrane provided fairly high removal efficiencies for anions (except for nitrate) and the relatively hydrophobic micropollutant, oxybenzon. Through the wetlands, nitrate was successfully removed. Therefore, a fair process of combining membranes with an engineered wetland could be proposed for sustainable wastewater reclamation and optimum control of contaminats.     

小城镇综合防灾减灾规划原则与策略刍议

通过对小城镇特色的研究,总结出我国小城镇在综合防灾减灾规划领域内存在有灾害种类相对较少、防灾设施无法达到门槛规模、经济条件较差、规划水平难以保证、管理依据欠缺等多方面条件的制约,因此无法套用大中型城市的综合防灾减灾规划编制模式。根据小城镇的特点,提出了应遵循合法性、合理性、完整性、可行性、公众参与等原则,运用总体策略、系统策略和动态策略来构建小城镇的综合防灾减灾规划模式。     

岩溶地下河中HCHs和DDTs的分布特征与健康风险评价

为研究岩溶地区水环境中有机氯农药对人体健康产生的潜在危害风险,对广西、云南、重庆和贵州地下河中的HCHs和DDTs进行了检测,并应用水环境健康风险评价模型对其进行了健康风险的评价.结果表明,HCHs在广西、云南、重庆和贵州的岩溶地下河中的含量平均值分别为3.39,4.60,15.18,19.06ng/L;DDTs在相应地区的平均浓度分别为1.36,3.01,13.41,15.05ng/L.从HCHs和DDTs的组成特征来看,云南、广西HCHs主要由早期残留引起,重庆和贵州部分地区存在新的输入源;云南和贵州DDTs可能是既往施用史形成,广西及重庆则可能存在新的污染源.通过健康风险评价模型计算,研究区地下河中的有机氯农药对人体造成的健康风险危害处于较低水平.     

基于数学模型的海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响

气候变化导致的海平面上升对沿海地区构成极大的威胁,海平面上升已经成为全球重要的环境问题,受到社会各界的高度重视。研究建立了一维动态潮流-含氯度数学模型,计算了海平面上升对咸潮上溯的影响,结果显示:250 mg/L的咸度线随着上游来水频率的增大,咸潮上溯距离明显增大;一定上游来水条件下,随着海平面的上升,咸潮上溯界线向上游方向移动显著。并详细计算了代表口门在海平面上升10 cm、30 cm和60 cm的情况下,咸潮界线的具体上移距离,以期给三角洲地区城市供水、农业灌溉引水等提供理论指导,减轻海平面上升危害,以确保21世纪中国沿海地区资源、环境、经济和社会的可持续发展。     

生活垃圾填埋场项目竣工环保验收中应注意的问题

根据建设项目竣工环境保护验收规范要求和工作经验,提出生活垃圾填埋场项目环境保护验收监测工作中,关于验收依据、工况要求、适用标准、批复落实情况检查等方面应当注意的问题.     

环境保护和监测技术结合的产物——污染源在线监控

当前,我国生态环境面临着严峻的形势,部分地方环境污染问题相当严重,环境状况与群众期望、构建和谐社会的要求还有相当大的差距,对污染源实施在线监控已越来越迫切的成为环境执法的需要。建立污染源在线监控系统,是有效控制污染源超标排放的有力手段,通过污染源在线监控系统的建立,掌握污染源排放的第一手数据,对研究污染源排放的规律,避免污染事故的发生都有着深远意义。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工作场所空气中锰含量的不确定度评定

目的建立并运用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定工作场所空气中锰的不确定度评定方法。方法应用测量不确定度评定方法分析测定过程中不确定度的来源,识别出其中的主要来源。结果不确定度的主要来源：①标准溶液配制引入的不确定度;②样品消解定客引入的不确定度：③采样引入的不确定度;④仪器量化引入的不确定度。结论运用该不确定度评定方法对测定过程中关键环节的识别,将有助于检测人员重点关注关键环节的质量控制,以更为有效地提高检测工作的质量。     

Measuring and modeling the seasonal changes of an urban Green Treefrog (Hyla cinerea) population

Green Treefrogs (Hyla cinerea) were captured, marked, measured and released at an urban study site in Lafayette, LA, during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons. A statistical method based on a generalization of the hypergeometric distribution was used to derive weekly time-series estimates of the population sizes. To describe the population dynamics, a stage structured mathematical model was developed and compared to time-series obtained from the weekly population estimates study using a least-squares approach. Two fitting experiments were done: (1) Using uniform distribution for the birth rate during the breeding season; (2) Using a birth rate distributed according to weekly data on frog calling intensity. Although both model-to-data fits look very promising during the years 2004 and 2005 and result in similar inherent survivorship rates for the tadpoles, juvenile and adult frogs, the fit that uses the calling data predicts a lower number of tadpoles and frogs in the long term than the one that uses uniform birth distribution. The parameter estimates resulting from these fitting experiments are used in the context of stochastic simulations to derive extinction and persistence probabilities for this population. Due to the oscillatory dynamics (with high amplitude) evidenced by the capture-recapture data and corroborated by the model, it is suggested that anuran monitoring efforts should take into account the natural intra-annual variation in population size.